Strategic masking of three consecutive mid-layers in NTT hardware defeats soft-analytical side-channel attacks with only 43% overhead while single-layer masking plus shuffling falls short of claimed 2^46–2^96 margins.
Adams Bridge Accelerator: Bridging the Post-Quantum Transition
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A four-stage hierarchy (D0/D1 structural analysis, mask refinement, Boolean and arithmetic SADC) machine-verifies 198 of 363 flagged wires as first-order secure on a 5543-cell ML-KEM module with zero indeterminates and cross-solver agreement.
citing papers explorer
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Partial Number Theoretic Transform Masking in Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Hardware: A Security Margin Analysis
Strategic masking of three consecutive mid-layers in NTT hardware defeats soft-analytical side-channel attacks with only 43% overhead while single-layer masking plus shuffling falls short of claimed 2^46–2^96 margins.
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Structural Dependency Analysis for Masked NTT Hardware: Scalable Pre-Silicon Verification of Post-Quantum Cryptographic Accelerators
A four-stage hierarchy (D0/D1 structural analysis, mask refinement, Boolean and arithmetic SADC) machine-verifies 198 of 363 flagged wires as first-order secure on a 5543-cell ML-KEM module with zero indeterminates and cross-solver agreement.