For arbitrary S, integer spins show a continuous 3D XY deconfinement transition in the small-anisotropy regime while half-integer spins stay in a U(1) Coulomb liquid; only S=3/2 retains a first-order transition at finite temperature because thermal monopoles round all continuous transitions into a 3
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UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
Averaging symmetric Z_N quantum circuits over random noise produces a noisy surface code whose logical information is protected against symmetric errors up to a threshold, with charge-sharpening transitions coinciding with bulk confinement transitions that differ for N≤4 versus N>4.
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Topological Phase Transitions and Their Thermodynamic Fate in Arbitrary-$S$ Pyrochlore Spin Ice
For arbitrary S, integer spins show a continuous 3D XY deconfinement transition in the small-anisotropy regime while half-integer spins stay in a U(1) Coulomb liquid; only S=3/2 retains a first-order transition at finite temperature because thermal monopoles round all continuous transitions into a 3
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Holographically Emergent Gauge Theory in Symmetric Quantum Circuits
Averaging symmetric Z_N quantum circuits over random noise produces a noisy surface code whose logical information is protected against symmetric errors up to a threshold, with charge-sharpening transitions coinciding with bulk confinement transitions that differ for N≤4 versus N>4.