Empirical comparison across 14 retrievers on the BRIGHT benchmark shows reasoning-specialized models can match strong accuracy with competitive speed while many large LLM bi-encoders add latency for small gains and confidence scores remain poorly calibrated.
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A unified evaluation finds LLM query reformulation gains are strongly conditioned on retrieval paradigm, do not consistently transfer to neural retrievers, and are not uniformly improved by larger LLMs.
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Are LLM-Based Retrievers Worth Their Cost? An Empirical Study of Efficiency, Robustness, and Reasoning Overhead
Empirical comparison across 14 retrievers on the BRIGHT benchmark shows reasoning-specialized models can match strong accuracy with competitive speed while many large LLM bi-encoders add latency for small gains and confidence scores remain poorly calibrated.
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A Reproducibility Study of LLM-Based Query Reformulation
A unified evaluation finds LLM query reformulation gains are strongly conditioned on retrieval paradigm, do not consistently transfer to neural retrievers, and are not uniformly improved by larger LLMs.