Refines the spanning surface defect for knots in the 3-sphere and extends it to the 4-ball to compare dimensions, reframe non-orientable slice-torus bounds, and prove a connected sum formula.
Fox,A quick trip through knot theory, Topology of 3-manifolds and related topics (Proc
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A Refinement of the Spanning Surface Defect in $3$ and $4$ Dimensions
Refines the spanning surface defect for knots in the 3-sphere and extends it to the 4-ball to compare dimensions, reframe non-orientable slice-torus bounds, and prove a connected sum formula.