Machine-checked proofs establish that fresh per-stage masking in Cooley-Tukey NTT pipelines over Z/qZ yields per-context uniformity at every stage under the ISW first-order probing model.
The 1-Bit Barrier: A Machine-Checked Trichotomy for Barrett Reduction in Masked PQC Hardware
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Fresh Masking Makes NTT Pipelines Composable: Machine-Checked Proofs for Arithmetic Masking in PQC Hardware
Machine-checked proofs establish that fresh per-stage masking in Cooley-Tukey NTT pipelines over Z/qZ yields per-context uniformity at every stage under the ISW first-order probing model.