LLMs achieve high-quality translations of Galen’s expository Greek (MQM 95.2/100) but lower and bimodal quality on pharmacological texts (79.9/100), with terminology rarity (corpus frequency) predicting failure at r = -0.97.
1 Claude 96.7 45.7% 92.9% 82.6% HP 1 Gemini 99.3 41.1% 93.4% 83.1% HP 1 ChatGPT 97.0 39.5% 92.7% 82.4% HP 2 Claude 92.0 36.1% 91.9% 83.0% LP Zainaldin et al
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Evaluating LLM-Based Translation of a Low-Resource Technical Language: The Medical and Philosophical Greek of Galen
LLMs achieve high-quality translations of Galen’s expository Greek (MQM 95.2/100) but lower and bimodal quality on pharmacological texts (79.9/100), with terminology rarity (corpus frequency) predicting failure at r = -0.97.