Quantum state discrimination
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It is a fundamental consequence of the superposition principle for quantum states that there must exist non-orthogonal states, that is states that, although different, have a non-zero overlap. This finite overlap means that there is no way of determining with certainty in which of two such states a given physical system has been prepared. We review the various strategies that have been devised to discriminate optimally between non-orthogonal states and some of the optical experiments that have been performed to realise these.
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Cited by 2 Pith papers
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k-designs achieve maximal discriminability for pure states in multi-copy minimum-error discrimination; mixed states outperform for larger ensembles, with quantum offering quadratic advantage over classical.
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In the large-N limit, spin squeezing torsion yields a nonlinear qubit governed by the two-state Gross-Pitaevskii equation that solves single-input state discrimination on the Bloch sphere.
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