Finding zeros of the Riemann zeta function by periodic driving of cold atoms

The Riemann hypothesis, which states that the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function all lie on a certain line in the complex plane, is one of the most important unresolved problems in mathematics. Inspired by the P\'olya-Hilbert conjecture, we propose a new approach to finding a physical system to study the Riemann zeros, which in contrast to previous examples, is based on applying a time-periodic driving field. This driving allows us to mould the quasienergies of the system (the analogue of the eigenenergies in the absence of driving), so that they are directly governed by the zeta function. We further show by numerical simulations that this allows the Riemann zeros to be measured in currently accessible cold atom experiments.