Some cosmological consequences of a breaking of the Einstein equivalence principle

In this communication, we consider a wide class of extensions to General Relativity that break explicitly the Einstein Equivalence Principle by introducing a multiplicative coupling between a scalar field and the electromagnetic Lagrangian. In these theories, we show that 4 cosmological observables are intimately related to each other: a temporal variation of the fine structure constant, a violation of the distance-duality relation, the evolution of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and CMB spectral distortions. This enables one to put very stringent constraints on possible violations of the distance-duality relation, on the evolution of the CMB temperature and on admissible CMB spectral distortions using current constraints on the fine structure constant. Alternatively, this offers interesting possibilities to test a wide range of theories of gravity by analyzing several data sets concurrently.