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arxiv: 2606.13613 · v1 · pith:NOSR4N2Snew · submitted 2026-06-11 · ✦ hep-ex

First Measurement of Sub-GeV ν_(μ) Charged-Current Coherent Pion Production on Argon in MicroBooNE

MicroBooNE collaboration: P. Abratenko , D. Andrade Aldana , J. Asaadi , A. Ashkenazi , S. Balasubramanian , B. Baller , A. Barnard , G. Barr
show 183 more authors
D. Barrow J. Barrow V. Basque J. Bateman B. Behera O. Benevides Rodrigues S. Berkman A. Bhat M. Bhattacharya V. Bhelande A. Binau M. Bishai A. Blake B. Bogart T. Bolton M.B. Brunetti L. Camilleri D. Caratelli F. Cavanna G. Cerati A. Chappell Y. Chen J.M. Conrad M. Convery L. Cooper-Troendle J.I. Crespo-Anadon R. Cross M. Del Tutto S.R. Dennis P. Detje R. Diurba Z. Djurcic K. Duffy S. Dytman B. Eberly P. Englezos A. Ereditato J.J. Evans C. Fang B.T. Fleming W. Foreman D. Franco A.P. Furmanski F. Gao D. Garcia-Gamez S. Gardiner G. Ge S. Gollapinni E. Gramellini P. Green H. Greenlee L. Gu W. Gu R. Guenette L. Hagaman M. D. Handley O. Hen A. Hergenhan M. Harrison S. Hawkins C. Hilgenberg G.A. Horton-Smith A. Hussain B. Irwin M.S. Ismail C. James X. Ji J.H. Jo A. Johnson R.A. Johnson D. Kalra G. Karagiorgi W. Ketchum A. Kelly M. Kirby T. Kobilarcik K. Kumar N. Lane J.-Y. Li Y. Li K. Lin B.R. Littlejohn L. Liu S. Liu W.C. Louis X. Luo T. Mahmud N. Majeed C. Mariani J. Marshall D.A. Martinez Caicedo F. Martinez Lopez M. G. Manuel Alves S. Martynenko A. Mastbaum I. Mawby N. McConkey B. McConnell L. Mellet J. Mendez J. Micallef T. Mohayai A. Mogan M. Mooney A.F. Moor C.D. Moore L. Mora Lepin M. A. Hernandez Morquecho M.M. Moudgalya S. Mulleria Babu D. Naples A. Navrer-Agasson N. Nayak M. Nebot-Guinot C. Nguyen L. Nguyen J. Nowak N. Oza O. Palamara N. Pallat V. Paolone A. Papadopoulou V. Papavassiliou H. Parkinson S.F. Pate N. Patel Z. Pavlovic E. Piasetzky K. Pletcher I. Pophale X. Qian J.L. Raaf V. Radeka A. Rafique M. Reggiani-Guzzo J. Rodriguez Rondon M. Rosenberg M. Ross-Lonergan I. Safa C. Sauer D.W. Schmitz A. Schukraft W. Seligman M.H. Shaevitz R. Sharankova J. Shi L. Silva E.L. Snider S. Soldner-Rembold J. Spitz M. Stancari J. St. John T. Strauss A.M. Szelc N. Taniuchi K. Terao C.Thorpe D. Torbunov D. Totani M. Toups A. Trettin Y.-T. Tsai J. Tyler M.A. Uchida T. Usher B. Viren J. Wang L. Wang M. Weber H. Wei A.J. White S. Wolbers T. Wongjirad K. Wresilo W. Wu E. Yandel T. Yang L.E. Yates H.W. Yu G.P. Zeller J. Zennamo C. Zhang Y. Zhang
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 04:52 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex
keywords neutrino cross sectioncoherent pion productioncharged-currentargonMicroBooNEsub-GeV neutrinosflux constraint
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The pith

MicroBooNE measures the charged-current coherent pion production cross section on argon at 0.8 GeV mean energy as (9.1 ± 1.2_stat ± 1.2_syst) × 10^{-40} cm²/Ar.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reports the first measurement of charged-current coherent pion production on argon using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber in the Booster Neutrino Beam. Data corresponding to 1.26 × 10^{21} protons on target are used to extract a flux-averaged cross section at sub-GeV neutrino energies. The process is identified by its two-body kinematics: a forward muon and pion emerge with no visible nuclear breakup. The result supplies a new constraint on neutrino-nucleus interactions that current and future oscillation experiments rely on to control flux uncertainties.

Core claim

The flux-averaged cross section for charged-current coherent pion production on argon is (9.1 ± 1.2_stat ± 1.2_syst) × 10^{-40} cm²/Ar at a mean neutrino energy of 0.8 GeV. This constitutes the first measurement of the process on argon below 1 GeV and exploits the clean kinematics in which the neutrino interacts coherently with the entire nucleus.

What carries the argument

Clean two-body kinematics of coherent pion production, in which a neutrino interacts with the whole argon nucleus to produce a forward muon and pion without nuclear breakup, identified in the MicroBooNE LArTPC.

If this is right

  • Supplies an experimental anchor for neutrino flux predictions used in long-baseline oscillation analyses such as DUNE.
  • Tests nuclear models of coherent pion production on argon at sub-GeV energies.
  • Establishes a reference value against which larger liquid-argon detectors can compare future measurements.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The result can be folded into global fits of neutrino interaction generators to reduce flux-related systematics across multiple experiments.
  • Repeating the measurement with different beam energies or target nuclei would test the scaling of coherent production with atomic mass.
  • If the cross section holds, it directly tightens the uncertainty budget for CP-violation searches that rely on precise flux knowledge.

Load-bearing premise

Events selected by forward muon-pion topology are assumed to be true coherent production with negligible residual background or nuclear breakup contamination.

What would settle it

A measured cross section differing by more than combined uncertainties from 9.1 × 10^{-40} cm²/Ar, or direct observation of significant nuclear breakup products in the selected sample, would contradict the coherent-production interpretation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.13613 by A. Ashkenazi, A. Barnard, A. Bhat, A. Binau, A. Blake, A. Chappell, A. Ereditato, A.F. Moor, A. Hergenhan, A. Hussain, A. Johnson, A.J. White, A. Kelly, A. Mastbaum, A. Mogan, A.M. Szelc, A. Navrer-Agasson, A. Papadopoulou, A.P. Furmanski, A. Rafique, A. Schukraft, A. Trettin, B. Baller, B. Behera, B. Bogart, B. Eberly, B. Irwin, B. McConnell, B.R. Littlejohn, B.T. Fleming, B. Viren, C.D. Moore, C. Fang, C. Hilgenberg, C. James, C. Mariani, C. Nguyen, C. Sauer, C.Thorpe, C. Zhang, D.A. Martinez Caicedo, D. Andrade Aldana, D. Barrow, D. Caratelli, D. Franco, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Kalra, D. Naples, D. Torbunov, D. Totani, D.W. Schmitz, E. Gramellini, E.L. Snider, E. Piasetzky, E. Yandel, F. Cavanna, F. Gao, F. Martinez Lopez, G.A. Horton-Smith, G. Barr, G. Cerati, G. Ge, G. Karagiorgi, G.P. Zeller, H. Greenlee, H. Parkinson, H. Wei, H.W. Yu, I. Mawby, I. Pophale, I. Safa, J. Asaadi, J. Barrow, J. Bateman, J.H. Jo, J.I. Crespo-Anadon, J.J. Evans, J.L. Raaf, J. Marshall, J.M. Conrad, J. Mendez, J. Micallef, J. Nowak, J. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Shi, J. Spitz, J. St. John, J. Tyler, J. Wang, J.-Y. Li, J. Zennamo, K. Duffy, K. Kumar, K. Lin, K. Pletcher, K. Terao, K. Wresilo, L. Camilleri, L. Cooper-Troendle, L.E. Yates, L. Gu, L. Hagaman, L. Liu, L. Mellet, L. Mora Lepin, L. Nguyen, L. Silva, L. Wang, M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, M.A. Uchida, M.B. Brunetti, M. Bhattacharya, M. Bishai, M. Convery, M. Del Tutto, M. D. Handley, M. G. Manuel Alves, M. Harrison, M.H. Shaevitz, MicroBooNE collaboration: P. Abratenko, M. Kirby, M.M. Moudgalya, M. Mooney, M. Nebot-Guinot, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rosenberg, M. Ross-Lonergan, M.S. Ismail, M. Stancari, M. Toups, M. Weber, N. Lane, N. Majeed, N. McConkey, N. Nayak, N. Oza, N. Pallat, N. Patel, N. Taniuchi, O. Benevides Rodrigues, O. Hen, O. Palamara, P. Detje, P. Englezos, P. Green, R.A. Johnson, R. Cross, R. Diurba, R. Guenette, R. Sharankova, S. Balasubramanian, S. Berkman, S. Dytman, S.F. Pate, S. Gardiner, S. Gollapinni, S. Hawkins, S. Liu, S. Martynenko, S. Mulleria Babu, S.R. Dennis, S. Soldner-Rembold, S. Wolbers, T. Bolton, T. Kobilarcik, T. Mahmud, T. Mohayai, T. Strauss, T. Usher, T. Wongjirad, T. Yang, V. Basque, V. Bhelande, V. Paolone, V. Papavassiliou, V. Radeka, W.C. Louis, W. Foreman, W. Gu, W. Ketchum, W. Seligman, W. Wu, X. Ji, X. Luo, X. Qian, Y. Chen, Y. Li, Y.-T. Tsai, Y. Zhang, Z. Djurcic, Z. Pavlovic.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: shows the event display of a νµCCπ + c candi￾date in MicroBooNE from BNB data. The reconstructed topology shows forward-going muon and pion candidates emerging from a common vertex with no visible addi￾tional tracks or vertex activity, consistent with the co￾herent scattering signature. The primary muon produces a visible Michel electron candidate, while the muon from the pion decay is not visible and is i… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. Distribution of the squared four-momentum trans [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We report a measurement of the charged-current coherent pion production cross section on argon using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber exposed to the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab. The measurement uses the MicroBooNE data set corresponding to $1.26 \times 10^{21}$ protons on target with a mean neutrino energy of $0.8$~GeV. The flux-averaged cross section is measured to be $(9.1 \pm 1.2_{\text{stat}} \pm 1.2_\text{syst}) \times 10^{-40}\,\text{cm}^2/\text{Ar}$. This result represents the first measurement of charged-current coherent pion production on argon at sub-GeV neutrino energies. Due to its clean two-body kinematics, where the neutrino interacts coherently with the entire nucleus producing a forward muon and pion with no nuclear breakup, this process provides a useful tool for constraining neutrino flux uncertainties in current and future oscillation experiments such as DUNE.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports the first measurement of sub-GeV ν_μ charged-current coherent pion production on argon in MicroBooNE, using 1.26 × 10^{21} POT data at mean energy 0.8 GeV. The flux-averaged cross section is extracted as (9.1 ± 1.2_stat ± 1.2_syst) × 10^{-40} cm²/Ar, with the result justified by the clean two-body kinematics of the forward muon-pion topology and absence of nuclear breakup.

Significance. If the result holds after detailed validation, it supplies the first experimental datum for this process on argon below 1 GeV and could serve as a flux constraint for DUNE and similar experiments. The equal statistical and systematic uncertainties already indicate that efficiency corrections and background modeling contribute at the same level as the statistical precision.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that the forward muon-pion topology isolates coherent production with negligible contamination or nuclear breakup is load-bearing for both the signal definition and the flux-constraint utility, yet the abstract supplies no quantitative information on selection efficiency, background rejection power, residual contamination, or data-MC agreement in control regions. The fact that stat and syst uncertainties are equal signals that these effects are comparable to the reported precision; without explicit numbers the extracted value cannot be shown to be background-subtracted at the claimed accuracy.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the detailed review and constructive feedback on our manuscript. We address the major comment point-by-point below, providing the strongest honest response based on the content of the paper.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that the forward muon-pion topology isolates coherent production with negligible contamination or nuclear breakup is load-bearing for both the signal definition and the flux-constraint utility, yet the abstract supplies no quantitative information on selection efficiency, background rejection power, residual contamination, or data-MC agreement in control regions. The fact that stat and syst uncertainties are equal signals that these effects are comparable to the reported precision; without explicit numbers the extracted value cannot be shown to be background-subtracted at the claimed accuracy.

    Authors: The abstract is a concise summary of the key result and its motivation; quantitative details on event selection efficiency, background rejection, residual contamination, and data-MC agreement in control regions are provided in the body of the manuscript (in the sections on event selection, efficiency corrections, and systematic uncertainties). The equal stat and syst uncertainties are a feature of the achieved precision after all corrections and validations. We agree that adding a brief quantitative statement to the abstract would improve clarity and address the concern directly, so we will revise the abstract accordingly while preserving its length and focus. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: direct experimental measurement from data

full rationale

The paper reports a flux-averaged cross-section measurement extracted directly from MicroBooNE detector data corresponding to 1.26e21 POT. The reported value (9.1 ± 1.2_stat ± 1.2_syst) × 10^{-40} cm²/Ar is obtained via event selection on forward muon+pion topology in the LArTPC, with no equations or derivations that reduce a claimed prediction or first-principles result to fitted inputs or self-citations by construction. No self-definitional steps, fitted-input-called-prediction, or ansatz smuggling via citation appear in the abstract or described analysis chain. The result is self-contained as a data-driven extraction against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim is an experimental cross-section measurement extracted from detector data; the abstract supplies no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities beyond standard assumptions of neutrino flux and detector response that are not detailed here.

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