First Principles Study of Adsorption, Diffusion and Dissociation of NH₃ on Ni and Pd Surfaces

Using the plane wave pseudopotential method within the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation potential, we have calculated adsorption energies (Ead), diffusion barriers and the first dissociation barriers (E1) for NH3 on the Ni(111), Pd(111) and Ni(211) surfaces. The top sites are found to be preferred for NH3 adsorption on Ni(111) and Pd(111). The diffusion barrier is calculated to be substantially higher for Pd(111) than for Ni(111). We also find that during the first dissociation step (NH3 => NH2 +H) on Ni(111) surface NH2 moves from the top site to the nearest hollow site, while on Ni(211) it moves from the initial top site at the step edge to the bridge site in the same step chain. H is found to occupy the hollow sites for both surfaces. For the reaction on Ni(111), the Ead is found to be 0.23 eV lower than E1, while at the step of Ni(211), E1 and Ead are almost equal to each other. This suggests that the molecule will rather desorb on Ni(111) than dissociate, whereas at the step the dissociation is favorable.