An Ultimate Frustration in Classical-Lattice Gas Models

We constructed an uncountable family of classical lattice-gas models with unique ground-state measures which are not uniquely ergodic measures of any tiling system, or more generally, of any system of finite type. Therefore, we have shown that the family of structures which are unique ground states of some translation-invariant, finite-range interactions is larger than the family of tilings which form single isomorphism classes. Such ground-state measures cannot be ground-state measures of any translation-invariant, finite-range, nonfrustrated potential. Our ground-state configurations are two-dimensional analogs of one-dimensional, most homogeneous ground-state configurations of infinite-range, convex, repulsive interactions in models with devil's staircases.