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arxiv: 0907.4282 · v1 · pith:DGGFK7GYnew · submitted 2009-07-24 · 🌌 astro-ph.IM

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Collaboration: J. Abraham , P. Abreu , M. Aglietta , C. Aguirre , E.J. Ahn , D. Allard , I. Allekotte , J. Allen
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P. Allison J. Alvarez-Mu\~niz M. Ambrosio L. Anchordoqui S. Andringa A. Anzalone C. Aramo E. Arganda S. Argir\`o K. Arisaka F. Arneodo F. Arqueros T. Asch H. Asorey P. Assis J. Aublin M. Ave G. Avila A. Bacher T. B\"acker D. Badagnani K.B. Barber A.F. Barbosa H.J.M. Barbosa N. Barenthien S.L.C. Barroso B. Baughman P. Bauleo J.J. Beatty T. Beau B.R. Becker K.H. Becker A. Bell\'etoile J.A. Bellido S. BenZvi C. Berat P. Bernardini X. Bertou P.L. Biermann P. Billoir O. Blanch-Bigas F. Blanco C. Bleve H. Bl\"umer M. Boh\'a\v{c}ov\'a E. Bollmann H. Bolz C. Bonifazi R. Bonino N. Borodai F. Bracci J. Brack P. Brogueira W.C. Brown R. Bruijn P. Buchholz A. Bueno R.E. Burton N.G. Busca K.S. Caballero-Mora D. CaminL. Caramete R. Caruso W. Carvalho A. Castellina J. Castro O. Catalano L. Cazon R. Cester J. Chauvin A. Chiavassa J.A. Chinellato A. Chou J. Chudoba J. Chye P.D.J. Clark R.W. Clay E. Colombo R. Concei\c{c}\~ao B. Connolly F. Contreras J. Coppens A. Cordero A. Cordier U. Cotti S. Coutu C.E. Covault A. Creusot A. Criss J.W. Cronin J. Cuautle A. Curutiu S. Dagoret-Campagne R. Dallier F. Daudo K. Daumiller B.R. Dawson R.M. de Almeida M. De Domenico C. De Donato S.J. De Jong G. De La Vega W.J.M. de Mello Junior J.R.T. de Mello Neto I. De Mitri V. de Souza K.D. de Vries G. Decerprit L. Del Peral O. Deligny A. Della Selva C. Delle Fratte H. Dembinski C. Di Giulio J.C. Diaz P.N. Diep C. Dobrigkeit J.C. D'Olivo P.N. Dong D. Dornic A. Dorofeev J.C. dos Anjos M.T. Dova D. D'Urso I. Dutan M.A. DuVernois R. Engel M. Erdmann C.O. Escobar A. Etchegoyen P. Facal San Luis H. Falcke G. Farrar A.C. Fauth N. Fazzini F. Ferrer A. Ferrero B. Fick A. Filevich A. Filip\v{c}i\v{c} I. Fleck S. Fliescher R. Fonte C.E. Fracchiolla E.D. Fraenkel W. Fulgione R.F. Gamarra S. Gambetta B. Garc\'ia D. Garc\'ia G\'amez D. Garcia-Pinto X. Garrido H. Geenen G. Gelmini H. Gemmeke P.L. Ghia U. Giaccari K. Gibbs M. Giller J. Gitto H. Glass L.M. Goggin M.S. Gold G. Golup F. Gomez Albarracin M. G\'omez Berisso P.F. Gomez Vitale P. Gon\c{c}alves M. Gon\c{c}alves do Amaral D. Gonzalez J.G. Gonzalez D. G\'ora A. Gorgi P. Gouffon E. Grashorn V. Grassi S. Grebe M. Grigat A.F. Grillo J. Grygar Y. Guardincerri N. Guardone C. Guerard F. Guarino R. Gumbsheimer G.P. Guedes J. Guti\'errez J.D. Hague V. Halenka P. Hansen D. Harari S. Harmsma S. Hartmann J.L. Harton A. Haungs M.D. Healy T. Hebbeker G. Hebrero D. Heck C. Hojvat V.C. Holmes P. Homola G. Hofman J.R. H\"orandel A. Horneffer M. Horvat M. Hrabovsk\'y H. Hucker T. Huege M. Hussain M. Iarlori A. Insolia F. Ionita A. Italiano S. Jiraskova M. Kaducak K.H. Kampert T. Karova P. Kasper B. K\'egl B. Keilhauer E. Kemp H. Kern R.M. Kieckhafer H.O. Klages M. Kleifges J. Kleinfeller R. Knapik J. Knapp D.-H. Koang A. Kopmann A. Krieger O. Kr\"omer D. Kruppke-Hansen D. Kuempel N. Kunka A. Kusenko G. la Rosa C. Lachaud B.L. Lago P. Lautridou M.S.A.B. Le\~ao D. Lebrun P. Lebrun J. Lee M.A. Leigui de Oliveira A. Lemiere A. Letessier-Selvon M. Leuthold I. Lhenry-Yvon R. L\'opez A. Lopez Ag\"uera K. Louedec J. Lozano Bahilo A. Lucero H. Lyberis M.C. Maccarone C. Macolino S. Maldera M. Malek D. Mandat P. Mantsch F. Marchetto A.G. Mariazzi I.C. Maris H.R. Marquez Falcon D. Martello O. Martineau O. Mart\'inez Bravo H.J. Mathes J. Matthews J.A.J. Matthews G. Matthiae D. Maurizio P.O. Mazur M. McEwen R.R. McNeil G. Medina-Tanco M. Melissas D. Melo E. Menichetti A. Menshikov R. Meyhandan M.I. Micheletti G. Miele W. Miller L. Miramonti S. Mollerach M. Monasor D. Monnier Ragaigne F. Montanet B. Morales C. Morello J.C. Moreno C. Morris M. Mostaf\'a C.A. Moura M. Mucchi S. Mueller M.A. Muller R. Mussa G. Navarra J.L. Navarro S. Navas P. Necesal L. Nellen F. Nerling C. Newman-Holmes D. Newton P.T. Nhung D. Nicotra N. Nierstenhoefer D. Nitz D. Nosek L. No\v{z}ka M. Nyklicek J. Oehlschl\"ager A. Olinto P. Oliva V.M. Olmos-Gilbaja M. Ortiz F. Ortolani B. O{\ss}wald N. Pacheco D. Pakk Selmi-Dei M. Palatka J. Pallotta G. Parente E. Parizot S. Parlati S. Pastor M. Patel T. Paul V. Pavlidou K. Payet M. Pech J. P\c{e}kala I.M. Pepe L. Perrone R. Pesce E. Petermann S. Petrera P. Petrinca A. Petrolini Y. Petrov J. Petrovic C. Pfendner A. Pichel R. Piegaia T. Pierog M. Pimenta T. Pinto V. Pirronello O. Pisanti M. Platino J. Pochon V.H. Ponce M. Pontz J. Pouryamout L. Prado Jr. P. Privitera M. Prouza E.J. Quel G. Raia J. Rautenberg O. Ravel D. Ravignani A. Redondo H.C. Reis S. Reucroft B. Revenu F.A.S. Rezende J. Ridky S. Riggi M. Risse C. Rivi\`ere V. Rizi C. Robledo M.D. Roberts G. Rodriguez J. Rodriguez Martino J. Rodriguez Rojo I. Rodriguez-Cabo M.D. Rodr\'iguez-Fr\'ias G. Ros J. Rosado T. Rossler M. Roth B. Rouill\'e-d'Orfeuil E. Roulet A.C. Rovero F. Salamida H. Salazar b G. Salina F. S\'anchez M. Santander C.E. Santo E.M. Santos F. Sarazin S. Sarkar R. Sato N. Scharf V. Scherini H. Schieler P. Schiffer G. Schleif A. Schmidt F. Schmidt T. Schmidt O. Scholten H. Schoorlemmer J. Schovancova P. Schov\'anek F. Schroeder S. Schulte F. Sch\"ussler D. Schuster S.J. Sciutto M. Scuderi A. Segreto D. Semikoz G. Sequieros M. Settimo R.C. Shellard I. Sidelnik B.B. Siffert A. Smia{\l}kowski R. \v{S}m\'ida A.G.K. Smith B.E. Smith G.R. Snow P. Sommers J. Sorokin H. Spinka R. Squartini E. Strazzeri A. Stutz F. Suarez T. Suomij\"arvi A.D. Supanitsky M.S. Sutherland J. Swain Z. Szadkowski A. Tamashiro A. Tamburro T. Tarutina O. Ta\c{s}c\u{a}u R. Tcaciuc D. Tcherniakhovski N.T. Thao D. Thomas R. Ticona J. Tiffenberg C. Timmermans W. Tkaczyk C.J. Todero Peixoto B. Tom\'e A. Tonachini I. Torres P. Trapani P. Travnicek D.B. Tridapalli G. Tristram E. Trovato V. Tuci M. Tueros E. Tusi R. Ulrich M. Unger M. Urban J.F. Vald\'es Galicia I. Vali\~no L. Valore A.M. van den Berg J.R. V\'azquez R.A. V\'azquez D. Veberi\v{c} A. Velarde T. Venters V. Verzi M. Videla L. Villase\~nor G. Vitali S. Vorobiov L. Voyvodic H. Wahlberg P. Wahrlich O. Wainberg D. Warner S. Westerhoff B.J. Whelan N. Wild C. Wiebusch G. Wieczorek L. Wiencke B. Wilczy\'nska H. Wilczy\'nski C. Wileman M.G. Winnick G. W\"orner H. Wu B. Wundheiler T. Yamamoto P. Younk G. Yuan A. Yushkov E. Zas D. Zavrtanik M. Zavrtanik I. Zaw A. Zepeda b M. Ziolkowski
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keywords detectorfluorescencearrayaugercosmicmeasureobservatoryparticles
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The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It combines a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level together with a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The fluorescence detector comprises 24 large telescopes specialized for measuring the nitrogen fluorescence caused by charged particles of cosmic ray air showers. In this paper we describe the components of the fluorescence detector including its optical system, the design of the camera, the electronics, and the systems for relative and absolute calibration. We also discuss the operation and the monitoring of the detector. Finally, we evaluate the detector performance and precision of shower reconstructions.

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