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Magnetars: the physics behind observations
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Magnetars are the strongest magnets in the present universe and the combination of extreme magnetic field, gravity and density makes them unique laboratories to probe current physical theories (from quantum electrodynamics to general relativity) in the strong field limit. Magnetars are observed as peculiar, burst--active X-ray pulsars, the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) and the Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs); the latter emitted also three "giant flares," extremely powerful events during which luminosities can reach up to 10^47 erg/s for about one second. The last five years have witnessed an explosion in magnetar research which has led, among other things, to the discovery of transient, or "outbursting," and "low-field" magnetars. Substantial progress has been made also on the theoretical side. Quite detailed models for explaining the magnetars' persistent X-ray emission, the properties of the bursts, the flux evolution in transient sources have been developed and confronted with observations. New insight on neutron star asteroseismology has been gained through improved models of magnetar oscillations. The long-debated issue of magnetic field decay in neutron stars has been addressed, and its importance recognized in relation to the evolution of magnetars and to the links among magnetars and other families of isolated neutron stars. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview in which the observational results are discussed in the light of the most up-to-date theoretical models and their implications. This addresses not only the particular case of magnetar sources, but the more fundamental issue of how physics in strong magnetic fields can be constrained by the observations of these unique sources.
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Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Multiwavelength study of non-thermal emission in the Swift J1834.9-0846/W41 region
Modeling favors a lepto-hadronic supernova remnant for the extended TeV emission from HESS J1834-087 plus a leptonic magnetar wind nebula for the central point-like source, with an implied magnetar birth spin period b...
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Frozen Neutron Stars
Solving modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations with Bardeen and Hayward nonlinear electrodynamics, this paper finds that neutron stars reach 'frozen states' with a critical horizon at a critical magnetic charge.
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Non-thermal emission from the vicinity of the magnetar CXOU J171405.7-381031
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Physics of Strong Magnetism with eXTP
The eXTP mission's planned instruments would enable more sensitive X-ray polarization and timing observations of magnetars and accreting pulsars, potentially testing vacuum birefringence and probing magnetic field structures.
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