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arxiv: 1704.05464 · v3 · submitted 2017-04-18 · ✦ hep-th

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Bulk locality from modular flow

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classification ✦ hep-th
keywords bulkboundarymodularoperatorsflowexplicitexpressionoperator
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We study the reconstruction of bulk operators in the entanglement wedge in terms of low energy operators localized in the respective boundary region. To leading order in $N$, the dual boundary operators are constructed from the modular flow of single trace operators in the boundary subregion. The appearance of modular evolved boundary operators can be understood due to the equality between bulk and boundary modular flows and explicit formulas for bulk operators can be found with a complete understanding of the action of bulk modular flow, a difficult but in principle solvable task. We also obtain an expression when the bulk operator is located on the Ryu-Takayanagi surface which only depends on the bulk to boundary correlator and does not require the explicit use of bulk modular flow. This expression generalizes the geodesic operator/OPE block dictionary to general states and boundary regions.

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  1. Probing Evaporating Black Holes with Modular Flow in SYK

    hep-th 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Modular flow in SYK models coupled to a bath reveals singularities allowing reconstruction of bulk flow past the horizon in two-sided AdS2 black holes.