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Single-electron and single-photon sensitivity with a silicon Skipper CCD
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We have developed a non-destructive readout system that uses a floating-gate amplifier on a thick, fully depleted charge coupled device (CCD) to achieve ultra-low readout noise of 0.068 e- rms/pix. This is the first time that discrete sub-electron readout noise has been achieved reproducibly over millions of pixels on a stable, large-area detector. This allows the precise counting of the number of electrons in each pixel, ranging from pixels with 0 electrons to more than 1500 electrons. The resulting CCD detector is thus an ultra-sensitive calorimeter. It is also capable of counting single photons in the optical and near-infrared regime. Implementing this innovative non-destructive readout system has a negligible impact on CCD design and fabrication, and there are nearly immediate scientific applications. As a particle detector, this CCD will have unprecedented sensitivity to low-mass dark matter particles and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, while astronomical applications include future direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets.
Forward citations
Cited by 8 Pith papers
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Searches for CE{\nu}NS and Physics beyond the Standard Model using Skipper-CCDs at CONNIE
CONNIE's first Skipper-CCD run at Angra-2 yields no CEνNS excess, comparable prior limits on neutrino rates, improved bounds on light vector mediators, and record surface DM-electron limits via diurnal modulation.
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Thermal Emission of Dark Photons from Earth's Core
Thermal dark-photon emission from Earth's core, recast onto SENSEI/DAMIC-M bounds, already constrains new ε parameter space; Oscura could improve by 2–3 orders of magnitude near 10^{-4} eV.
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Constraints on Axion-Like Particles with the Silicon Detector at a Nuclear Reactor
New 90% C.L. limits on the ALP–photon coupling in the 0.1–100 keV range are derived from Connie and Atucha-II reactor data via plasmon excitation in silicon; a 30 kg·yr Oscura-style run could improve on NEON by about tenfold.
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DarkNESS: A skipper-CCD NanoSatellite for Dark Matter Searches
A mission design paper describing how a skipper-CCD CubeSat in low Earth orbit could search for strongly interacting sub-GeV dark matter and decaying dark matter X-rays.
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Towards a quantum realization of the ampere using single-electron resolution Skipper-CCDs
A standard Skipper-CCD self-calibrates, self-measures, and drains charge packets from one electron to thousands, generating currents from femtoamps to about one nanoamp.
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First Production of Skipper-CCD Modules for the DAMIC-M Experiment
DAMIC-M completed production of 28 skipper-CCD modules, selected from 188 tested CCDs, with measured performance and added radioactivity within the experiment's background budget.
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The Habitable Worlds Observatory Technology Development Plan
HWO TMPO defines critical technology gaps, TRL assessments, prioritization matrices, and parallel development roadmaps across coronagraph, ultra-stable telescope, and UV/visible instrument tracks to reach TRL 5 before MCR.
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The Dark Photon
The paper surveys theoretical motivations, experimental searches, and bounds on the dark photon as a kinetically mixed gauge boson from a dark sector, covering both massive and massless cases along with related milli-...
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