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Gravitational Thermodynamics of Causal Diamonds in (A)dS
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The static patch of de Sitter spacetime and the Rindler wedge of Minkowski spacetime are causal diamonds admitting a true Killing field, and they behave as thermodynamic equilibrium states under gravitational perturbations. We explore the extension of this gravitational thermodynamics to all causal diamonds in maximally symmetric spacetimes. Although such diamonds generally admit only a conformal Killing vector, that seems in all respects to be sufficient. We establish a Smarr formula for such diamonds and a "first law" for variations to nearby solutions. The latter relates the variations of the bounding area, spatial volume of the maximal slice, cosmological constant, and matter Hamiltonian. The total Hamiltonian is the generator of evolution along the conformal Killing vector that preserves the diamond. To interpret the first law as a thermodynamic relation, it appears necessary to attribute a negative temperature to the diamond, as has been previously suggested for the special case of the static patch of de Sitter spacetime. With quantum corrections included, for small diamonds we recover the "entanglement equilibrium" result that the generalized entropy is stationary at the maximally symmetric vacuum at fixed volume, and we reformulate this as the stationarity of free conformal energy with the volume not fixed.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Black hole thermodynamics at null infinity. Part 2: Open systems, Markovian dynamics and work extraction from non-rotating black holes
Null-infinity black hole thermodynamics is recast as Markovian open-system thermodynamics, with chemical-potential terms identified as extractable work and used to formulate generalized grand-potential laws for Schwar...
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From Asymptotically Flat Gravity to Finite Causal Diamonds
The soft sector phase space of asymptotically flat gravity equals the phase space of radial size fluctuations of a finite causal diamond in flat spacetime.
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The Role of the Volume in Black Hole Thermodynamics
Conserved charges built from a Kerr-Schild background show the first law requires the Killing vector and AdS background to be held fixed, explaining why the rotating-frame energy F fails while E works, and why the geo...
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Effective density matrix for vacua in asymptotically flat gravity
The vacuum of a large causal diamond in asymptotically flat gravity is claimed to be a Gaussian in the supertranslation Goldstone mode, giving modular Hamiltonian variance A/epsilon squared.
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Hilbert Bundles and Holographic Space-time: the Hydrodynamic Approach to Gravity
Einstein's equations are treated as hydrodynamic equations for the area-law entropy of causal diamonds, with quantum dynamics proposed to live in a Hilbert bundle over spacetime geodesics.
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