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$\mathcal{N}=2^*$ gauge theory, free fermions on the torus and Painlev\'e VI
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abstract
In this paper we study the extension of Painlev\'e/gauge theory correspondence to circular quivers by focusing on the special case of $SU(2)$ $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ theory. We show that the Nekrasov-Okounkov partition function of this gauge theory provides an explicit combinatorial expression and a Fredholm determinant formula for the tau-function describing isomonodromic deformations of $SL_2$ flat connections on the one-punctured torus. This is achieved by reformulating the Riemann-Hilbert problem associated to the latter in terms of chiral conformal blocks of a free-fermionic algebra. This viewpoint provides the exact solution of the renormalization group flow of the $SU(2)$ $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ theory on self-dual $\Omega$-background and, in the Seiberg-Witten limit, an elegant relation between the IR and UV gauge couplings.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Modular transformations of tau functions and conformal blocks on the torus
The paper derives the modular connection constant for tau functions on the one-punctured torus and obtains an exact closed formula for the c=1 Virasoro modular kernel.
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Blowing-up the edge: connection formulae and stability chart of the Lam\'e equation
The paper derives the resummed Nekrasov-Shatashvili free energy from blow-up equations and uses it to compute the band-gap structure, connection formulas, and stability chart of the Lamé equation.
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Many-faced Painlev\'e I: irregular conformal blocks, topological recursion, and holomorphic anomaly approaches
The paper proves the conifold gap property for Weierstrass elliptic topological recursion and gives an algebraic construction of the rank 5/2 Virasoro Whittaker state, linking the Painlevé I tau function to CFT and ho...
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(1,k) CFT and RH problem with the c=-2 case
For (1,k) Virasoro models, periodic vertex operators plus two degenerate fields solve a modified Riemann–Hilbert problem; in the k=2, c=-2 case the solution is explicit and satisfies new bilinear identities.
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