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Hadronization and Charm-Hadron Ratios in Heavy-Ion Collisions

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arxiv 1905.09216 v2 pith:4VU6FBHO submitted 2019-05-22 nucl-th hep-phnucl-ex

Hadronization and Charm-Hadron Ratios in Heavy-Ion Collisions

classification nucl-th hep-phnucl-ex
keywords quarkscollisionsheavysmcshadro-chemistryhadronizationheavy-ionlambda
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Understanding the hadronization of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) remains a challenging problem in the study of strong-interaction matter as produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHICs). The large mass of heavy quarks renders them excellent tracers of the color neutralization process of the QGP when they convert into various heavy-flavor (HF) hadrons. We develop a 4-momentum conserving recombination model for HF mesons and baryons that recovers the thermal and chemical equilibrium limits and accounts for space-momentum correlations (SMCs) of heavy quarks with partons of the hydrodynamically expanding QGP, thereby resolving a long-standing problem in quark coalescence models. The SMCs enhance the recombination of fast-moving heavy quarks with high-flow thermal quarks in the outer regions of the fireball. We also improve the hadro-chemistry with "missing" charm-baryon states, previously found to describe the large $\Lambda_c/D^0$ ratio observed in proton-proton collisions. Both SMCs and hadro-chemistry, as part of our HF hydro-Langevin-recombination model for the strongly coupled QGP, importantly figure in the description of recent data for the $\Lambda_c/D^0$ ratio and $D$-meson elliptic flow in URHICs.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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    Including a phenomenological heavy-light quark potential in the coalescence model enhances the heavy-quark coalescence probability to near unity at low momentum without ad hoc normalization.

  3. $D^0$-$D_s^+$ Elliptic-Flow Splitting under Event-Shape Engineering: A Probe of Sequential Charm Hadronization

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Event-shape engineering via q2 selection in 0-10% and 30-50% Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV is shown to separate geometry-driven flow from hadronization-time effects, producing a positive growing Δv2(D0-Ds+) and species...

  4. System-size dependence of the $D^0$--$D_s^+$ flow splitting from early $D_s^+$ formation at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.36$~TeV

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Sequential hadronization in a transport model predicts D0 > Ds+ v2 splitting in O-O collisions at 5.36 TeV, reproduces ALICE ordering, and identifies a linear scaling of the splitting with partonic flow accumulated be...

  5. System-size dependence of the $D^0$--$D_s^+$ flow splitting from early $D_s^+$ formation at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.36$~TeV

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Sequential hadronization predicts v2(D0) > v2(Ds+) from extra partonic flow accumulated by D0 parents between 1.2 Tc and Tc, with universal linear scaling of the hadronic splitting across O-O and Pb-Pb systems.