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The ontological identity of empirical indiscernibles: Leibniz's methodological principle and its significance in the work of Einstein

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arxiv 1909.04628 v1 pith:SU7DBE53 submitted 2019-08-29 physics.hist-ph gr-qcquant-ph

classification physics.hist-phgr-qcquant-ph
keywords principlemethodologicaltheorydefendeinsteinidentityindiscerniblesleibniz
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This article explores the following methodological principle for theory construction in physics: if an ontological theory predicts two scenarios that are ontologically distinct but empirically indiscernible, then this theory should be rejected and replaced by one relative to which the scenarios are ontologically the same. I defend the thesis that this methodological principle was first articulated by Leibniz as a version of his principle of the identity of indiscernibles, and that it was applied repeatedly to great effect by Einstein in his development of the special and general theories of relativity. I argue for an interpretation of the principle as an inference to the best explanation, defend it against some criticisms, discuss its potential applications in modern physics, and explain how it provides an attractive middle ground in the debate between empiricist and realist philosophies of science.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 10 citations worldwide. Full citation record

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    quant-ph 2025-11 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

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  4. Linear Algebra of Generalized Contextuality in All Prepare-Transform-Measure Scenarios

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    A rank-based linear-algebra criterion and decision algorithm certify generalized (non)contextuality in prepare-transform-measure scenarios with any number of sequential transformations.

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