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Controlling Complex Langevin simulations of lattice models by boundary term analysis

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arxiv 1910.09427 v1 pith:HHMEPRTV submitted 2019-10-21 hep-lat hep-th

classification hep-lathep-th
keywords boundarymodelmodelstermsanalysiscomplexdensityinfinity
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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One reason for the well known fact that the Complex Langevin (CL) method sometimes fails to converge or converges to the wrong limit has been identified long ago: it is insufficient decay of the probability density either near infinity or near poles of the drift, leading to boundary terms that spoil the formal argument for correctness. To gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, in a previous paper we have studied the emergence of such boundary terms thoroughly in a simple model, where analytic results can be compared with numerics. Here we continue this type of analysis for more physically interesting models, focusing on the boundaries at infinity. We start with abelian and non-abelian one-plaquette models, then we proceed to a Polyakov chain model and finally to high density QCD (HDQCD) and the 3D XY model. We show that the direct estimation of the systematic error of the CL method using boundary terms is in principle possible.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Lefschetz thimble-inspired weight regularizations for complex Langevin simulations

    hep-lat 2024-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A single compact Lefschetz thimble restores correct complex Langevin convergence, and a Dyson-Schwinger bias correction recovers the original expectation values.

  2. The Role of Integration Cycles in Complex Langevin Simulations

    hep-lat 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Complex Langevin results in one- and two-dimensional toy models match a linear combination of integration cycles when boundary terms vanish, and the kernel choice controls which cycles contribute.

  3. Diffusion models learn distributions generated by complex Langevin dynamics

    hep-lat 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Diffusion models reproduce the distributions sampled by complex Langevin dynamics in a Gaussian and a quartic toy model with complex mass.

  4. Combining complex Langevin dynamics with score-based and energy-based diffusion models

    hep-lat 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Energy-based diffusion models trained on complex Langevin data produce an explicit energy function for the sampled distribution, enabling MCMC without re-simulation.

  5. Thermodynamic Diagnostics for Complex Langevin Simulations: The Role of Configurational Temperature

    hep-lat 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Configurational temperature from action gradients and Hessians offers a sensitive new correctness diagnostic for complex Langevin simulations, reproducing input temperature to 0.2-3% in 1D PT-symmetric models.

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