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A large fraction of hydrogen-rich supernova progenitors experience elevated mass loss shortly prior to explosion

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arxiv 2008.09986 v1 pith:GF7HLVLF submitted 2020-08-23 astro-ph.HE

Rachel J. Bruch , Avishay Gal-Yam , Steve Schulze , Ofer Yaron , Yi Yang , Maayane T. Soumagnac , Mickael Rigault , Nora L. Strotjohann
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Eran Ofek Jesper Sollerman Frank J. Masci Cristina Barbarino Anna Y. Q. Ho Christoffer Fremling Daniel Perley Jakob Nordin S. Bradley Cenko S. Adams Igor Adreoni Eric C. Bellm Nadia Blagorodnova Mattia Bulla Kevin Burdge Kishalay De Suhail Dhawan Andrew J. Drake Dmitry A. Duev Alison Dugas Matthew Graham Melissa L. Graham Jacob Jencson Emir Karamehmetoglu Mansi Kasliwal Young-Lo Kim Shrinivas Kulkarni Thomas Kupfer Ashish Mahabal A. A. Miller Thomas A. Prince Reed Riddle Y. Sharma Roger Smith Francesco Taddia Kirsty Taggart Richard Walters Lin Yan
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abstract

Spectroscopic detection of narrow emission lines traces the presence of circumstellar mass distributions around massive stars exploding as core-collapse supernovae. Transient emission lines disappearing shortly after the supernova explosion suggest that the spatial extent of such material is compact, and hence imply an increased mass loss shortly prior to explosion. Here, we present a systematic survey for such transient emission lines (Flash Spectroscopy) among Type II supernovae detected in the first year of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey. We find that at least six out of ten events for which a spectrum was obtained within two days of estimated explosion time show evidence for such transient flash lines. Our measured flash event fraction ($>30\%$ at $95\%$ confidence level) indicates that elevated mass loss is a common process occurring in massive stars that are about to explode as supernovae.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

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    Trained on STELLA grids, two autoencoder-plus-emulator surrogates reconstruct type II SN SEDs at ~1e-4 MSE and recover progenitor masses for SN 2005cs, SN 2012aw, and SN 1999em in minutes.

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  3. SN 2023ixf: The Closest Supernova of the Decade

    astro-ph.HE 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 1.0 of 10

    SN 2023ixf is a type II supernova that exploded inside dense, confined circumstellar material lost by its red supergiant progenitor in the final years before explosion, as established by synthesizing over 80 published...

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