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Information Scrambling in Computationally Complex Quantum Circuits
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Interaction in quantum systems can spread initially localized quantum information into the many degrees of freedom of the entire system. Understanding this process, known as quantum scrambling, is the key to resolving various conundrums in physics. Here, by measuring the time-dependent evolution and fluctuation of out-of-time-order correlators, we experimentally investigate the dynamics of quantum scrambling on a 53-qubit quantum processor. We engineer quantum circuits that distinguish the two mechanisms associated with quantum scrambling, operator spreading and operator entanglement, and experimentally observe their respective signatures. We show that while operator spreading is captured by an efficient classical model, operator entanglement requires exponentially scaled computational resources to simulate. These results open the path to studying complex and practically relevant physical observables with near-term quantum processors.
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Refining the Understanding of Operator Size Dynamics in Open Quantum Systems
In Brownian SYK models, operator size under the bath-traced Lindblad definition shows a scrambling signature only for intra-system interactions, with the same early-time critical point as the full-contour definition, ...
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