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Revealing the structure of light pseudoscalar mesons at the Electron-Ion Collider
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How the bulk of the Universe's visible mass emerges and how it is manifest in the existence and properties of hadrons are profound questions that probe into the heart of strongly interacting matter. Paradoxically, the lightest pseudoscalar mesons appear to be the key to the further understanding of the emergent mass and structure mechanisms. These mesons, namely the pion and kaon, are the Nambu-Goldstone boson modes of QCD. Unravelling their partonic structure and the interplay between emergent and Higgs-boson mass mechanisms is a common goal of three interdependent approaches -- continuum QCD phenomenology, lattice-regularised QCD, and the global analysis of parton distributions -- linked to experimental measurements of hadron structure. Experimentally, the foreseen electron-ion collider will enable a revolution in our ability to study pion and kaon structure, accessed by scattering from the "meson cloud" of the proton through the Sullivan process. With the goal of enabling a suite of measurements that can address these questions, we examine key reactions to identify the critical detector system requirements needed to map tagged pion and kaon cross sections over a wide range of kinematics. The excellent prospects for extracting pion structure function and form factor data are shown, and similar prospects for kaon structure are discussed in the context of a worldwide programme. Successful completion of the programme outlined herein will deliver deep, far-reaching insights into the emergence of pions and kaons, their properties, and their role as QCD's Goldstone boson modes.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Gradient flow for parton distribution functions: first application to the pion
Pion PDF moment ratios up to <x^5> were extracted from lattice QCD with gradient flow and agree with phenomenological fits.
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Feasibility Study of Pion and Kaon Structure via the Sullivan Process at EicC
EicC could measure pion and kaon structure functions via the Sullivan process with statistical uncertainties below 5% (pion) and 8% (kaon) in most kinematic bins, according to Monte Carlo projections.
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Off-shell modifications of the pion generalized parton distributions and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions
In the NJL model, off-shell pion GPDs and TMDs differ from on-shell ones by 15 to 25 percent and acquire new odd-power form factors from broken crossing symmetry.
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Electromagnetic structure of charged and neutral strange vector mesons
Covariant NJL calculations give K*+ charge radius 0.45 fm² and magnetic moment 2.67 μ_N, and K*0 radius −0.04 fm² and moment 0.032 μ_N.
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Effects of flavor-mixings on charged kaon and pion parton distribution functions
Vacuum-polarization flavor mixing in the U(3) NJL model produces small, mass-difference-driven shifts in charged pion and kaon valence PDFs that mildly improve agreement with data at 4 and 27 GeV².
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Electroexcitation of Nucleon Resonances and the Emergence of Hadron Mass
A review argues that Jefferson Lab electroproduction data on nucleon resonances, analyzed with continuum Schwinger methods, confirm a momentum-dependent dressed quark mass, the essence of emergent hadron mass.
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Parton Distribution Functions and their Generalizations
A textbook-style introduction to the definitions, QCD properties, experimental access, and current phenomenological status of PDFs and their generalizations.
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