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Parton Distribution Functions and their Generalizations

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arxiv 2507.12664 v2 pith:5LJMIFFR submitted 2025-07-16 hep-ph hep-exhep-latnucl-exnucl-th

Parton Distribution Functions and their Generalizations

classification hep-ph hep-exhep-latnucl-exnucl-th
keywords functionsdistributiongeneralizationspartonprocessesstructureaccessedarticle
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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This article is an introduction to parton distribution functions and their generalizations which describe the quark and gluon structure of hadrons, and can be measured in various high-energy scattering processes. We provide the theoretical background, highlight both historical and recent developments, explain the connections between the different functions, and expose in which processes these functions can be accessed and what we can learn from them about hadron structure.

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Forward citations

Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Generalized parton distributions of valence, sea, and gluon components of the proton

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Using basis light-front quantization wave functions, the authors calculate GPDs for proton components at low resolution scale and obtain results qualitatively similar to but smaller than the GUMP1.0 global extraction.

  2. Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    The quantum phase-space formalism derives transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons and reproduces standard light-front distributions including bad components in the infinite-momentum frame.

  3. Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.

  4. Transverse-spin dependent energy-energy correlators in proton-proton collisions within the dihadron fragmentation framework

    hep-ph 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Numerical predictions for transverse-spin dependent energy-energy correlators in polarized pp collisions agree with recent STAR data and show a slight preference for transversity extractions consistent with lattice QCD.

  5. Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons

    hep-ph 2026-04 accept novelty 4.5

    Transverse EMT distributions in polarized nucleons are derived in the quantum phase-space formalism; they reduce to standard light-front densities (including bad components) in the infinite-momentum frame.

  6. Electromagnetic structure of charged and neutral strange vector mesons

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0

    Covariant NJL calculations give K*+ charge radius 0.45 fm² and magnetic moment 2.67 μ_N, and K*0 radius −0.04 fm² and moment 0.032 μ_N.

  7. Effects of flavor-mixings on charged kaon and pion parton distribution functions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0

    Vacuum-polarization flavor mixing in the U(3) NJL model produces small, mass-difference-driven shifts in charged pion and kaon valence PDFs that mildly improve agreement with data at 4 and 27 GeV².

  8. Mechanical distribution of the pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium on the light-front

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Light-front quark model calculations with two Gaussian wave functions yield transverse mechanical distributions for pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium, showing a nodal pressure and positive force.

  9. Impact of Future Dihadron Production Measurements on the Transversity Distributions and Tensor Charges of the Nucleon

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

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  10. GTMDs, orbital angular momentum, and pretzelosity

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    In the bag model, GTMD calculations are consistent, orbital angular momentum is tied to F_{1,4}^q through the Ji sum rule, and a deeper link to pretzelosity TMD is established.

  11. Pion Parton Distribution Functions in the Light-Cone Quark Model and Experimental Constraints

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Pion valence quark PDFs from the light-cone quark model are evolved with DGLAP and shown to match experimental data, enabling first NLO F2 predictions and Drell-Yan cross-section estimates.

  12. An Analysis on the Parton Distribution Functions of Heavy Mesons

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Light-cone quark model PDFs for kaon and heavy mesons are evolved via NLO DGLAP to predict EIC structure functions and COMPASS Drell-Yan cross sections while showing heavy constituents dominate momentum fractions.