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Searching For Gravitational Waves From Cosmological Phase Transitions With The NANOGrav 12.5-year dataset

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arxiv 2104.13930 v2 pith:AKLDQGIN submitted 2021-04-28 astro-ph.CO hep-ph

Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Harsha Blumer , Bence Bécsy , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Maria Charisi
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Shami Chatterjee Siyuan Chen James M. Cordes Neil J. Cornish Fronefield Crawford H. Thankful Cromartie Megan E. DeCesar Paul B. Demorest Timothy Dolch Justin A. Ellis Elizabeth C. Ferrara William Fiore Emmanuel Fonseca Nathan Garver-Daniels Peter A. Gentile Deborah C. Good Jeffrey S. Hazboun A. Miguel Holgado Kristina Islo Ross J. Jennings Megan L. Jones Andrew R. Kaiser David L. Kaplan Luke Zoltan Kelley Joey Shapiro Key Nima Laal Michael T. Lam T. Joseph W. Lazio Vincent S. H. Lee Duncan R. Lorimer Jing Luo Ryan S. Lynch Dustin R. Madison Maura A. McLaughlin Chiara M. F. Mingarelli Andrea Mitridate Cherry Ng David J. Nice Timothy T. Pennucci Nihan S. Pol Scott M. Ransom Paul S. Ray Brent J. Shapiro-Albert Xavier Siemens Joseph Simon Renée Spiewak Ingrid H. Stairs Daniel R. Stinebring Kevin Stovall Jerry P. Sun Joseph K. Swiggum Stephen R. Taylor Jacob E. Turner Michele Vallisneri Sarah J. Vigeland Caitlin A. Witt Kathryn M. Zurek
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classification astro-ph.COhep-ph
keywords gravitationalphasesignaldatasetinterpretationnanogravstrongterms
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We search for a first-order phase transition gravitational wave signal in 45 pulsars from the NANOGrav 12.5 year dataset. We find that the data can be modeled in terms of a strong first order phase transition taking place at temperatures below the electroweak scale. However, we do not observe any strong preference for a phase-transition interpretation of the signal over the standard astrophysical interpretation in terms of supermassive black holes mergers; but we expect to gain additional discriminating power with future datasets, improving the signal to noise ratio and extending the sensitivity window to lower frequencies. An interesting open question is how well gravitational wave observatories could separate such signals.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  2. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.

  3. Gravitational Waves from Accretion Disks: Turbulence, Mode Excitation and Prospects for Future Detectors

    gr-qc 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Turbulent accretion disks can stochastically excite black hole quasinormal ringing, but the resulting gravitational-wave background is below the reach of near-term detectors.

  4. Beyond the Daisy Chain: Running and the 3D EFT View of Supercooled Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2025-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    With renormalisation-group running included, the one-loop high-temperature Daisy-resummed potential at µ=πT reproduces the phase-transition parameters of the two-loop dimensionally reduced EFT, while the no-running on...

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