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Cluster and hyper-cluster production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions within the Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular-Dynamics approach
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We study cluster and hypernuclei production in heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies employing the Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular-Dynamics (PHQMD) approach, a microscopic n-body transport model based on the QMD propagation of the baryonic degrees of freedom with density dependent 2-body potential interactions. All other ingredients of PHQMD, including the collision integral and the treatment of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase, are adopted from the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) approach. In PHQMD the cluster formation occurs dynamically, caused by the interactions. The clusters are recognized by the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm. We present the PHQMD results for cluster and hypernuclei formation in comparison with the available experimental data at AGS, SPS, RHIC-BES and RHIC fixed target energies. We also provide predictions on cluster production for the upcoming FAIR and NICA experiments. PHQMD allows to study the time evolution of formed clusters and the origin of their production, which helps to understand how such weakly bound objects are formed and survive in the rather dense and hot environment created in heavy-ion collisions. It offers therefore an explanation of the 'ice in the fire' puzzle.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Effects of light-cluster degrees of freedom on collective flows in heavy-ion collisions at FOPI energies
Explicitly propagating light clusters in a Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model substantially modifies predicted proton v1-v4 flows at low FOPI energies (120-400 A MeV) but not above 600 A MeV.
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Probing of EoS with clusters and hypernuclei
Using the PHQMD transport model, the paper shows that a soft momentum-dependent nuclear equation of state reproduces most STAR 3 GeV Au+Au data for baryons, clusters and hypernuclei, while a hard equation of state giv...
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Directed Flow of Protons and Deuterons in Xe+Cs(I) Collisions: Preliminary BM@N Data and THESEUS Modeling
Comparing preliminary BM@N proton and deuteron directed flow with THESEUS shows good proton agreement and a slight deuteron overestimation, tentatively supporting thermodynamic light-nucleus formation.
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Wigner Phase-Space Densities of Nuclear Clusters and Hypernuclei
The authors calculate Wigner phase-space densities for clusters from deuteron to double-Lambda hyperhelium using hyperspherical-harmonic solutions of the Schrödinger equation.
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Study on the equation-of-state with light clusters and hypernuclei
A review of transport-model constraints on the nuclear equation of state from flow of protons, light clusters, and hypernuclei, concluding that soft momentum-dependent potentials fit few-GeV data best.
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