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Measuring the dark matter environments of black hole binaries with gravitational waves

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arxiv 2108.04154 v2 pith:TTBQO33F submitted 2021-08-09 gr-qc astro-ph.COhep-ph

classification gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-ph
keywords darkblackgravitationalmatterbinariesaroundastrophysicalenvironments
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large dark matter overdensities can form around black holes of astrophysical and primordial origin as they form and grow. This "dark dress" inevitably affects the dynamical evolution of binary systems, and induces a dephasing in the gravitational waveform that can be probed with future interferometers. In this paper, we introduce a new analytical model to rapidly compute gravitational waveforms in presence of an evolving dark matter distribution. We then present a Bayesian analysis determining when dressed black hole binaries can be distinguished from GR-in-vacuum ones and how well their parameters can be measured, along with how close they must be to be detectable by the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We show that LISA can definitively distinguish dark dresses from standard binaries and characterize the dark matter environments around astrophysical and primordial black holes for a wide range of model parameters. Our approach can be generalized to assess the prospects for detecting, classifying, and characterizing other environmental effects in gravitational wave physics.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The swallowed spike: the formation of light primordial black hole structures around heavy seeds

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    No torque mechanism studied supplies enough angular momentum for the innermost light-PBH shells around a heavy seed, so the spike core is swallowed and far less dense than a WIMP spike.

  2. Dissecting environmental effects with eccentric gravitational wave sources

    astro-ph.HE 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Resonances between oscillating environmental forces and the epicyclic motion of eccentric binaries can dominate gravitational wave dephasing over orbit-averaged drag for eccentricities above about 0.05.

  3. Black hole spacetimes with dark matter spikes: Energy-momentum tensor and backreaction effects

    gr-qc 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dark-matter spike built from the full orbital motion of its particles has ~50% more energy density near the black hole and produces metric deviations ~2.5 times larger than mass-only models.

  4. When vacuum breaks: a self-consistency test for astrophysical environments in extreme mass ratio inspirals

    gr-qc 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A duration-scan self-consistency test on vacuum EMRI parameter posteriors flags unmodeled environmental effects without adding environmental parameters.

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