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Robust fine-tuning of zero-shot models

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arxiv 2109.01903 v3 pith:MCI3KDH3 submitted 2021-09-04 cs.CV cs.LG

classification cs.CVcs.LG
keywords accuracydistributionfine-tuningwise-ftlargemodelsrobustnessshifts
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large pre-trained models such as CLIP or ALIGN offer consistent accuracy across a range of data distributions when performing zero-shot inference (i.e., without fine-tuning on a specific dataset). Although existing fine-tuning methods substantially improve accuracy on a given target distribution, they often reduce robustness to distribution shifts. We address this tension by introducing a simple and effective method for improving robustness while fine-tuning: ensembling the weights of the zero-shot and fine-tuned models (WiSE-FT). Compared to standard fine-tuning, WiSE-FT provides large accuracy improvements under distribution shift, while preserving high accuracy on the target distribution. On ImageNet and five derived distribution shifts, WiSE-FT improves accuracy under distribution shift by 4 to 6 percentage points (pp) over prior work while increasing ImageNet accuracy by 1.6 pp. WiSE-FT achieves similarly large robustness gains (2 to 23 pp) on a diverse set of six further distribution shifts, and accuracy gains of 0.8 to 3.3 pp compared to standard fine-tuning on seven commonly used transfer learning datasets. These improvements come at no additional computational cost during fine-tuning or inference.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Adapting a text-to-image generator with task-specific LoRA adapters and filtering samples by the model's own confidence improves synthetic replay in continual vision-language learning.

  2. Impact of Pretraining Word Co-occurrence on Compositional Generalization in Multimodal Models

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The accuracy of CLIP and CLIP-based visual question answering models is strongly correlated with how often the concept pair in an image appears together in pretraining captions.

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  4. DeltaMerge-LowRes: Composing Language and Task Deltas for Low-Resource Adaptation

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    A TIES-style merge across language-delta and task-delta axes (cross-axis TIES) beats additive and task-only composition on low-resource summarisation and QA.

  5. FRAMES-VQA: Benchmarking Fine-Tuning Robustness across Multi-Modal Shifts in Visual Question Answering

    cs.CV 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A benchmark of ten VQA datasets shows SPD wins on in-distribution and near-OOD accuracy, FTP wins on far-OOD accuracy, and question shifts dominate joint embedding shifts after fine-tuning.

  6. Revisiting Bayesian Model Averaging in the Era of Foundation Models

    cs.LG 2025-05 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper proposes Bayesian model averaging and an entropy-minimizing weight optimizer for ensembling foundation models, reporting accuracy gains over output averaging on image and text classification tasks.

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