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The Effect of Returning Radiation on Relativistic Reflection

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arxiv 2206.07973 v1 pith:O2G3CFMA submitted 2022-06-16 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.CO

classification astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
keywords radiationreflectionreturningblackeffectholeaccretionflux
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abstract

We study the effect of returning radiation on the shape of the X-ray reflection spectrum in the case of thin accretion disks. We show that the returning radiation mainly influences the observed reflection spectrum for a large black hole spin (a > 0.9) and a compact primary source of radiation close to the black hole at height h < 5 $r_\mathrm{g}$, and that it dominates the reflected flux for extreme values of spin and compactness. The main effect of the returning radiation is to increase the irradiating flux on to the outer parts of the accretion disk, leading to stronger reflection and a flatter overall emissivity profile. By analyzing simulated observations we show that neglecting returning radiation in existing studies of reflection dominated sources has likely resulted in overestimating the height of the corona above the black hole. An updated version of the publicly available relxill suite of relativistic reflection models which includes returning radiation is also presented.

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Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Triple radio flares from tidal disruption events: jet-wind collisions and the discovery of a third radio flare from AT2020vwl

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The TDE AT2020vwl showed a third radio flare at the time a jet-wind collision was predicted from its first two flares, the first predicted-and-confirmed third flare.

  2. Unchanged X-Ray Polarization During Accretion Dips in the Low Hard State of Cygnus X-1

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    During Cygnus X-1 accretion dips the 2–8 keV polarization is unchanged within errors, indicating the absorbed disk does not contribute and supporting an extended oblate corona.

  3. Impact of the returning radiation on X-ray reflection spectroscopy measurements: the case of Galactic black holes

    astro-ph.HE 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Including returning radiation in relxill does not significantly alter the best-fit parameters of three Galactic black holes.

  4. Black-Hole Spin Measurements from X-ray Reflection Spectroscopy: Quality Criteria and Community Recommendations

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Reflection-based black-hole spin measurements should be graded by detectability, uniqueness, and robustness, and classified into high-confidence, systematics-limited, provisional, or non-assessable tiers.

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