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Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50 GeV to 60 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

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arxiv 2209.01302 v1 pith:QBX5SQ44 submitted 2022-09-03 astro-ph.HE

O. Adriani , Y. Akaike , K. Asano , Y. Asaoka , E. Berti , G. Bigongiari , W. R. Binns , M. Bongi
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P. Brogi A. Bruno J. H. Buckley N. Cannady G. Castellini C. Checchia M. L. Cherry G. Collazuol K. Ebisawa A.W. Ficklin H. Fuke S. Gonzi T. G. Guzik T. Hams K. Hibino M. Ichimura K. Ioka W. Ishizaki M. H. Israel K. Kasahara J. Kataoka R. Kataoka Y. Katayose C. Kato N. Kawanaka Y. Kawakubo K. Kobayashi K. Kohri H. S. Krawczynski J. F. Krizmanic P. Maestro P. S. Marrocchesi A. M. Messineo J.W. Mitchell S. Miyake A. A. Moiseev M. Mori N. Mori H. M. Motz K. Munakata S. Nakahira J. Nishimura G. A. de Nolfo S. Okuno J. F. Ormes S. Ozawa L. Pacini P. Papini B.F. Rauch S. B. Ricciarini K. Sakai T. Sakamoto M. Sasaki Y. Shimizu A. Shiomi P. Spillantini F. Stolzi S. Sugita A. Sulaj M. Takita T. Tamura T. Terasawa S. Torii Y. Tsunesada Y. Uchihori E. Vannuccini J. P. Wefel K. Yamaoka S. Yanagita A. Yoshida K. Yoshida W. V. Zober
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keywords spectralspectrumenergyobservationprotonabovecaletcalorimetric
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abstract

A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is presented in the energy interval from 50 GeV to 60 TeV, and the observation of a softening of the spectrum above 10 TeV is reported. The analysis is based on the data collected during $\sim$6.2 years of smooth operations aboard the International Space Station and covers a broader energy range with respect to the previous proton flux measurement by CALET, with an increase of the available statistics by a factor of $\sim$2.2. Above a few hundred GeV we confirm our previous observation of a progressive spectral hardening with a higher significance (more than 20 sigma). In the multi-TeV region we observe a second spectral feature with a softening around 10 TeV and a spectral index change from =2.6 to -2.9 consistently, within the errors, with the shape of the spectrum reported by DAMPE. We apply a simultaneous fit of the proton differential spectrum which well reproduces the gradual change of the spectral index encompassing the lower energy power-law regime and the two spectral features observed at higher energies.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Implication of multiple source populations of Galactic cosmic rays from proton and helium spectra

    astro-ph.HE 2025-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The proton and helium spectra from 1 GeV to 10 PeV can be reproduced only by adding two local sources or a second background population on top of the standard cosmic-ray background.

  2. Diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino emission from the Milky Way and the local knee in the cosmic ray spectrum

    astro-ph.HE 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Diffuse gamma-ray predictions from locally measured cosmic rays exceed LHAASO observations above 100 TeV, suggesting the PeV cosmic-ray knee originates from a local bubble roughly 0.7 to 1.5 kpc across.

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