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Ruling out light axions: the writing is on the wall
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We revisit the domain wall problem for QCD axion models with more than one quark charged under the Peccei-Quinn symmetry. Symmetry breaking during or after inflation results in the formation of a domain wall network which would cause cosmic catastrophe if it comes to dominate the Universe. The network may be made unstable by invoking a `tilt' in the axion potential due to Planck scale suppressed non-renormalisable operators. Alternatively the random walk of the axion field during inflation can generate a `bias' favouring one of the degenerate vacua, but we find that this mechanism is in practice irrelevant. Consideration of the axion abundance generated by the decay of the wall network then requires the Peccei-Quinn scale to be rather low -- thus ruling out e.g. the DFSZ axion with mass below 11 meV, where most experimental searches are in fact focussed.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Accidental Peccei-Quinn Symmetry From Gauged U(1) and a High Quality Axion
Three explicit axion models are built where a gauged axial U(1) makes the Peccei-Quinn symmetry accidental, preserving axion quality against quantum gravity and giving domain wall number one.
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Monodromic transparency of axion domain walls
Axion domain walls become transparent to low-energy photons at E/N=8/3 because of axion-pion cancellation, making thermal friction scale as T^8 rather than e^{-ma/T}.
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A Non-Inflationary Axion and ALP Misalignment Mechanism
A thermally mediated, Planck-suppressed symmetry breaking potential can supply the initial axion misalignment that inflationary cosmology normally provides, allowing late-time coherent oscillations without inflation.
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About electroweak domain walls in Majoron models
Electroweak instantons alone do not produce Majoron domain walls; a tiny instanton mass from B+L breaking is cosmologically negligible and can act as a bias or dark energy.
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