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The $H_0$ tension alleviated through ultra-light primordial black holes: an information insight through gravitational waves
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abstract
The Hawking evaporation of ultra-light primordial black holes (PBH) dominating the early Universe before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis can potentially increase the effective number of extra neutrino species $\Delta N_\mathrm{eff}$ through the emission of dark radiation degrees of freedom alleviating in this way the $H_0$ tension problem. Interestingly, these light PBHs can form a gas of Poisson distributed compact objects which can induce a gravitational-wave (GW) background due to second order gravitational interactions. Therefore, by considering the contribution to $\Delta N_\mathrm{eff}$ due to the production of the aforementioned GW background we revisit in this work the constraints on the relevant parameters at hand, namely the PBH mass, $m_\mathrm{PBH}$, the initial PBH abundance at PBH formation time, $\Omega_\mathrm{PBH,f}$ and the number of DR radiation degrees of freedom, $g_\mathrm{DR}$ by accounting at the same time for the relevant upper bounds constraints on $\Delta N_\mathrm{eff}$ from the Planck collaboration.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Primordial black hole induced gravitational waves in $f(R)$ gravity
In R^(1+ε) gravity, exponential growth of scalar perturbations during a PBH-driven early matter era enhances the induced gravitational wave signal, with Ω_GW ∝ f on large scales.
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Page Time of Primordial Black Holes in the Standard Model and Beyond
For Standard Model emission, a Schwarzschild primordial black hole of about 6.23 x 10^14 grams would reach its Page time at the current age of the Universe.
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ALP production from light primordial black holes: The role of superradiance
Superradiance from spinning light primordial black holes can boost moduli production by about ten orders of magnitude, and the resulting axion-like dark radiation tightens Planck-based limits on these black holes.
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