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3D Equivariant Diffusion for Target-Aware Molecule Generation and Affinity Prediction

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arxiv 2303.03543 v1 pith:OKH725K2 submitted 2023-03-06 q-bio.BM cs.LG

classification q-bio.BMcs.LG
keywords equivariantmodelaffinityatomdesignmodelsstructurestarget-aware
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Rich data and powerful machine learning models allow us to design drugs for a specific protein target \textit{in silico}. Recently, the inclusion of 3D structures during targeted drug design shows superior performance to other target-free models as the atomic interaction in the 3D space is explicitly modeled. However, current 3D target-aware models either rely on the voxelized atom densities or the autoregressive sampling process, which are not equivariant to rotation or easily violate geometric constraints resulting in unrealistic structures. In this work, we develop a 3D equivariant diffusion model to solve the above challenges. To achieve target-aware molecule design, our method learns a joint generative process of both continuous atom coordinates and categorical atom types with a SE(3)-equivariant network. Moreover, we show that our model can serve as an unsupervised feature extractor to estimate the binding affinity under proper parameterization, which provides an effective way for drug screening. To evaluate our model, we propose a comprehensive framework to evaluate the quality of sampled molecules from different dimensions. Empirical studies show our model could generate molecules with more realistic 3D structures and better affinities towards the protein targets, and improve binding affinity ranking and prediction without retraining.

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Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. A Graph Completion Method that Jointly Predicts Geometry and Topology Enables Effective Molecule Assembly

    q-bio.QM 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    EdGr jointly predicts inter-fragment bonds and atomic positions via coupled diffusion, outperforming prior methods on molecule assembly.

  2. APO: Unsupervised Atomic Policy Optimization for 3D Structure Prediction of Atomic Systems

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Unsupervised group-relative policy optimization with spectral-consistency and entropy rewards reportedly beats supervised FlowDPO on crystal match rate and antibody CDR RMSD.

  3. Atomic Design Transformer: Scaffold-Conditioned 3D Molecule Generation via xTB-Reward Reinforcement Learning

    physics.comp-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A plain causal transformer that tokenizes atom positions in local frames generates 3D molecules directly; RL against an xTB relaxation reward lifts topology-preserving valid yield from ~50% to ~95%.

  4. MODA: A Unified 3D Diffusion Framework for Multi-Task Target-Aware Molecular Generation

    q-bio.BM 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A single masked-diffusion model trained jointly on four molecular-editing tasks outperforms or matches task-specific diffusion baselines across docking, chemical property, and geometry metrics.

  5. GeoAda: Efficiently Finetune Geometric Diffusion Models with Equivariant Adapters

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    GeoAda uses SE(3)-equivariant adapter blocks with zero-initialized convolutions to fine-tune frozen geometric diffusion models for new control tasks with few parameters.

  6. On the Design Space of Discrete Diffusion Online Adaptation for Molecular Optimization

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.5 of 10

    Online fine-tuning of discrete diffusion models with complementary acquisition, CVaR shaping, density-entropy debiasing, replay, and validity control finds better molecules under fixed oracle budgets than offline fine...

  7. Controllable 3D Molecular Generation for Structure-Based Drug Design Through Bayesian Flow Networks and Gradient Integration

    cs.LG 2025-08 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Gradient guidance inside Bayesian Flow Network updates generates 3D drug candidates with stronger predicted docking scores, better retrosynthesis feasibility, and improved kinase selectivity than diffusion baselines.

  8. IBEX: Information-Bottleneck-EXplored Coarse-to-Fine Molecular Generation under Limited Data

    cs.LG 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    IBEX trains a 3D diffusion model on scaffold-hopping tasks and refines generated poses with a six-degree-of-freedom physics optimization, raising zero-shot docking success from 53% to 64% on CBGBench.

  9. MolFORM: Multi-modal Flow Matching for Structure-Based Drug Design

    cs.CE 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A flow-matching model with direct preference optimization fine-tuning generates protein-binding molecules faster than diffusion baselines, with improved docking scores on the CrossDocked2020 benchmark.

  10. Reimagining Target-Aware Molecular Generation through Retrieval-Enhanced Aligned Diffusion

    q-bio.BM 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    READ couples contrastively aligned latent diffusion with pocket-similarity retrieval to generate 3D ligands, reporting Rank 1 on CBGBench and lower Vina energies than native ligands.

  11. MolPIF: A Parameter Interpolation Flow Model for Molecule Generation

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    MolPIF generates 3D ligands by interpolating the parameters of Gaussian coordinate and Dirichlet atom-type distributions, reporting stronger docking scores and geometric fidelity than prior flow and diffusion models o...

  12. Graph Neural Networks in Modern AI-aided Drug Discovery

    q-bio.BM 2025-06 conditional novelty 1.0 of 10

    A comprehensive model-centric review of graph neural network methods and applications in AI-aided drug discovery, from molecular representation to synthesis planning.

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