Pith. sign in

REVIEW 6 cited by

The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array II. Customised pulsar noise models for spatially correlated gravitational waves

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2306.16225 v1 pith:LKBAVKPL submitted 2023-06-28 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.IM

classification astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM
keywords noisepulsartimingdataeptagravitationalmodelspulsars
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
0 comments
abstract

The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is expected to be an aggregate signal of an ensemble of gravitational waves emitted predominantly by a large population of coalescing supermassive black hole binaries in the centres of merging galaxies. Pulsar timing arrays, ensembles of extremely stable pulsars, are the most precise experiments capable of detecting this background. However, the subtle imprints that the GWB induces on pulsar timing data are obscured by many sources of noise. These must be carefully characterized to increase the sensitivity to the GWB. In this paper, we present a novel technique to estimate the optimal number of frequency coefficients for modelling achromatic and chromatic noise and perform model selection. We also incorporate a new model to fit for scattering variations in the pulsar timing package temponest and created realistic simulations of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) datasets that allowed us to test the efficacy of our noise modelling algorithms. We present an in-depth analysis of the noise properties of 25 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) that form the second data release (DR2) of the EPTA and investigate the effect of incorporating low-frequency data from the Indian PTA collaboration. We use enterprise and temponest packages to compare noise models with those reported with the EPTA DR1. We find that, while in some pulsars we can successfully disentangle chromatic from achromatic noise owing to the wider frequency coverage in DR2, in others the noise models evolve in a more complicated way. We also find evidence of long-term scattering variations in PSR J1600$-$3053. Through our simulations, we identify intrinsic biases in our current noise analysis techniques and discuss their effect on GWB searches. The results presented here directly help improve sensitivity to the GWB and are already being used as part of global PTA efforts.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. PSRDISP: A novel approach to modeling dispersive processes in single-pulsar noise analysis using epoch-wise dispersion measures

    astro-ph.IM 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    PSRDISP is a Gaussian-process framework that fits dispersion-measure and solar-wind noise directly to epoch-wise dispersion measures, recovering injected signals in simulated pulsar data.

  2. Transformers with Physics-Informed Encodings and Simulation-Based Inference for Robust Detection of Eccentric Binary Black Holes in Pulsar Timing Array Data

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Physics-informed Transformer encodings plus conditional normalizing flows yield sharper, better-calibrated posteriors for eccentric BBHs in white-noise PTA data than physics-agnostic SBI baselines.

  3. Do Pulsar Timing Datasets Favor Massive Gravity?

    astro-ph.CO 2025-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A one-parameter massive-gravity correlation curve gives lower chi-square than the Hellings-Downs curve for current pulsar-timing data, but the parameter is fitted to the data, so the result is not a prediction.

  4. Probing intermediate-mass black hole binaries with the Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna

    astro-ph.HE 2025-02 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Forecasts LGWA reach and measurement precision for IMBH binaries, with the caveat that an updated lunar-response sensitivity curve shrinks the detection horizon from redshift ~10 to ~1.

  5. The SKAO Pulsar Timing Array

    astro-ph.IM 2026-07 accept novelty 3.5 of 10

    An SKAO PTA with ~174 millisecond pulsars can dominate nanohertz GW sensitivity within four years and enable continuous-wave detections plus anisotropy maps of the gravitational-wave background.

  6. Exploring the Galactic plasma with pulsars in the SKA Era

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 accept novelty 2.5 of 10

    Pulsars map Galactic, solar-wind, and ionospheric plasma via DM, RM, scintillation, and scattering; SKA-Low/Mid AA4 will push DM precision to ~10^{-8} pc cm^{-3} and transform IISM models.

Pith tools