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Constraining the cosmic-ray mass composition by measuring the shower length with SKA

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arxiv 2307.02907 v1 pith:JRXJEOA4 submitted 2023-07-06 astro-ph.HE

S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , J. Bhavani , M. Desmet , H. Falcke , B.M. Hare , J.R. Hörandel , T. Huege
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N. Karasthatis G. K. Krampah P. Mitra K. Mulrey A. Nelles K. Nivedita H. Pandya J. P. Rachen O. Scholten S. Thoudam G. Trinh S. ter Veen
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The current generation of air shower radio arrays has demonstrated that the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum Xmax can be reconstructed with high accuracy. These experiments are now contributing to mass composition studies in the energy range where a transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic-ray sources is expected. However, we are still far away from an unambiguous interpretation of the data. Here we propose to use radio measurements to derive a new type of constraint on the mass composition, by reconstructing the shower length L. The low-frequency part of the Square Kilometer Array will have an extremely high antenna density of roughly 60.000 antennas within one square kilometer, and is the perfect site for high-resolution studies of air showers. In this contribution, we discuss the impact of being able to reconstruct L, and the unique contribution that SKA can make to cosmic-ray science.

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  1. A LOFAR-style reconstruction of cosmic-ray air showers with SKA-Low

    astro-ph.HE 2025-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Applying LOFAR's reconstruction method to full SKA-Low simulations yields 5 to 8 g/cm2 precision on the air-shower maximum between 10^16.6 and 10^18 eV, with beamforming extending the range down to 10^16 eV.

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