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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Liquid Crystal Technology: A Hardware Design and Communication Perspective

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arxiv 2308.03065 v1 pith:BI67B52G submitted 2023-08-06 cs.IT math.IT

classification cs.ITmath.IT
keywords technologytheoreticalcommunicationcrystaldesignhardwareintelligentlc-riss
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With the surge of theoretical work investigating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for wireless communication and sensing, there exists an urgent need of hardware solutions for the evaluation of these theoretical results and further advancing the field. The most common solutions proposed in the literature are based on varactors, Positive Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) diodes, and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). This paper presents the use of Liquid Crystal (LC) technology for the realization of continuously tunable extremely large millimeter-wave RISs. We review the basic physical principles of LC theory, introduce two different realizations of LC-RISs, namely reflect-array and phased-array, and highlight their key properties that have an impact on the system design and RIS reconfiguration strategy. Moreover, the LC technology is compared with the competing technologies in terms of feasibility, cost, power consumption, reconfiguration speed, and bandwidth. Furthermore, several important open problems for both theoretical and experimental research on LC-RISs are presented.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Temperature-aware Optimization of Liquid Crystal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Physics-based Modeling and Robust Design

    eess.SP 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LC-RIS phase shifts degrade with temperature; temperature-adaptive and temperature-robust designs keep the secrecy rate flat while designs that ignore temperature let it drop.

  2. Near-field Liquid Crystal RIS Phase-Shift Design for Secure Wideband Illumination

    eess.SP 2025-08 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A frequency-aware LC-RIS phase-shift design raises simulated worst-case secrecy rate to about 2 bits/symbol over 8 GHz at 60 GHz versus benchmarks that ignore the LC frequency response.

  3. Liquid Crystal-Based RIS Loss-Trade-Off Analysis

    eess.SP 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    For liquid crystal reconfigurable surfaces, the optimal phase-shifter length, which trades insertion loss against phase-shift range, depends on the user's position: specular users want a short shifter, off-axis users ...

  4. Temperature-Resilient LC-RIS Phase-Shift Design for Multi-user Downlink Communications

    eess.SP 2025-05 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A temperature-constrained phase-shift optimization for multi-user LC-RIS downlinks improves max-min SINR over temperature-neglecting designs in simulation.

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