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Orthogonal Subspace Learning for Language Model Continual Learning

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arxiv 2310.14152 v1 pith:XAQSR45Q submitted 2023-10-22 cs.CL cs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.LG
keywords learninglanguagetaskscontinualmethodorthogonalcatastrophicforgetting
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Benefiting from massive corpora and advanced hardware, large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. However, their performance degrades in scenarios where multiple tasks are encountered sequentially, also known as catastrophic forgetting. In this paper, we propose orthogonal low-rank adaptation (O-LoRA), a simple and efficient approach for continual learning in language models, effectively mitigating catastrophic forgetting while learning new tasks. Specifically, O-LoRA learns tasks in different (low-rank) vector subspaces that are kept orthogonal to each other in order to minimize interference. Our method induces only marginal additional parameter costs and requires no user data storage for replay. Experimental results on continual learning benchmarks show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, compared to previous approaches, our method excels in preserving the generalization ability of LLMs on unseen tasks.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Continual Learning for VLMs: A Survey and Taxonomy Beyond Forgetting

    cs.CV 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    The paper offers a comprehensive survey and proposes a new taxonomy for continual learning strategies in VLMs and MLLMs to combat catastrophic forgetting beyond traditional methods.

  2. One Rank at a Time: Cascading Error Dynamics in Sequential Learning

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Errors from each rank-1 step in sequential low-rank learning compound through factors that grow when singular values are close, so early steps deserve more compute.

  3. Orthogonal Knowledge Refreshing for Domain-Incremental Object Detection

    cs.CV 2026-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    OKR beats exemplar-free domain-incremental detectors by 5.6–6.5 mAP using per-domain LoRA branches plus gradient orthogonality and prototype alignment.

  4. SOS-LoRA: Static Orthogonal-Subspace Low-Rank Adaptation with Fixed Multi-Scale Scaling

    cs.LG 2026-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A LoRA update split into several fixed, differently-scaled low-rank experts with orthogonal input directions improves fine-tuning accuracy at the same parameter count.

  5. SelfAug: Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Distribution Self-Alignment

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Adding a KL penalty between fine-tuned and original model logits on input tokens during RAG fine-tuning reduces catastrophic forgetting while preserving downstream performance.

  6. Reliable Unlearning Harmful Information in LLMs with Metamorphosis Representation Projection

    cs.LG 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    An LLM unlearning method that projects hidden states so harmful information is irreversibly removed while useful knowledge is preserved.

  7. GeRe: Towards Efficient Anti-Forgetting in Continual Learning of LLM via General Samples Replay

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A fixed 1,000-sample replay set from pretraining text, trained with a threshold-based margin loss on last-layer hidden states, reduces forgetting across 15 sequential finetuning tasks in Llama-3.1-8B.

  8. SplitLoRA: Balancing Stability and Plasticity in Continual Learning Through Gradient Space Splitting

    cs.LG 2025-05 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    SplitLoRA picks the LoRA update subspace size from previous-task gradient singular values using a hyperparameter alpha, and freezes the projection to keep updates in that subspace.

  9. RegCL: Continual Adaptation of Segment Anything Model via Model Merging

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    RegCL merges LoRA adapters for SAM continually via an incremental form of RegMean, achieving higher retention than sequential fine-tuning across five segmentation datasets.

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