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Purple Llama CyberSecEval: A Secure Coding Benchmark for Language Models

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arxiv 2312.04724 v1 pith:HU2VGYC5 submitted 2023-12-07 cs.CR cs.LG

classification cs.CRcs.LG
keywords cybersecevalmodelscybersecurityllmsbenchmarkcodelanguagellama
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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This paper presents CyberSecEval, a comprehensive benchmark developed to help bolster the cybersecurity of Large Language Models (LLMs) employed as coding assistants. As what we believe to be the most extensive unified cybersecurity safety benchmark to date, CyberSecEval provides a thorough evaluation of LLMs in two crucial security domains: their propensity to generate insecure code and their level of compliance when asked to assist in cyberattacks. Through a case study involving seven models from the Llama 2, Code Llama, and OpenAI GPT large language model families, CyberSecEval effectively pinpointed key cybersecurity risks. More importantly, it offered practical insights for refining these models. A significant observation from the study was the tendency of more advanced models to suggest insecure code, highlighting the critical need for integrating security considerations in the development of sophisticated LLMs. CyberSecEval, with its automated test case generation and evaluation pipeline covers a broad scope and equips LLM designers and researchers with a tool to broadly measure and enhance the cybersecurity safety properties of LLMs, contributing to the development of more secure AI systems.

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Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 18 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. Refused in Chat, Written in Code: Workflow-Level Jailbreak Construction in IDE Coding Agents

    cs.SE 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Four Copilot backends refuse almost all harmful prompts in chat or simple framings, yet produce 816/816 unsafe teaching-shot completions under a multi-turn IDE evaluation-pipeline workflow.

  2. Understanding the Supply Chain and Risks of Large Language Model Applications

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    A new benchmark dataset traces dependencies across 3,859 LLM applications, 109,211 models, 2,474 datasets, and 8,862 libraries, and finds widespread known vulnerabilities in application dependencies.

  3. Not All Refusals Are Equal: How Safety Alignment Fails Cybersecurity at Scale

    cs.CR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Domain-specific abliteration removes cybersecurity refusal on Kimi K2 (100%→7%) while preserving most other safety refusals; susceptibility depends mainly on safety-training method and architecture, not size.

  4. ASTRA: Autonomous Spatial-Temporal Red-teaming for AI Software Assistants

    cs.CR 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ASTRA is an automated red-teaming agent that uses knowledge-graph-guided spatial and temporal probing to find 11-66% more safety violations in AI coding assistants than existing tools.

  5. MGC: A Compiler Framework Exploiting Compositional Blindness in Aligned LLMs for Malware Generation

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    MGC, a two-stage compiler framework, generates functional malware by decomposing malicious intents into benign-appearing MDIR components that strong aligned LLMs will implement, bypassing safety alignment.

  6. Guiding AI to Fix Its Own Flaws: An Empirical Study on LLM-Driven Secure Code Generation

    cs.SE 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Across two Python security benchmarks, all eight LLMs produced vulnerable code at rates from 9.8% to 42.1%, and self-generated hints plus explained feedback reduced vulnerabilities mainly for the strongest models.

  7. SCGAgent: Recreating the Benefits of Reasoning Models for Secure Code Generation with Agentic Workflows

    cs.CR 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An agentic workflow with security guidelines and LLM-generated unit tests improves secure code generation on CWEval C tasks from 61% to 76% Func-Sec@1 with Sonnet-3.7, at roughly 98% of its original functionality.

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    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A structured review organizes cyber-capable-agent risks into five vulnerability classes and argues that evaluation environments must be treated as operational security systems rather than background.

  9. Extracting Recurring Vulnerabilities from Black-Box LLM-Generated Software

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    Frontend features of LLM-generated apps can predict hidden backend vulnerabilities that a given model tends to reproduce, enabling black-box attack triage.

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    physics.app-ph 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

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  11. Running in CIRCLE? A Simple Benchmark for LLM Code Interpreter Security

    cs.CR 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    CIRCLE is a 1,260-prompt benchmark that measures how often commercial LLM code interpreters refuse, execute, or time out on resource-exhaustion tasks, revealing large and inconsistent safety gaps.

  12. Secure Code Generation at Scale with Reflexion

    cs.CR 2025-11 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Three-round reflexion prompting raises LLM-generated code security from 70.74% to 79.43% as measured by the ICD static detector on the Instruct Prime benchmark.

  13. The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMs

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    A structured survey of LLM safety evaluation that proposes a why/what/where/how taxonomy and catalogs metrics, datasets, benchmarks, evaluators, and frameworks.

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