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KMMLU: Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding in Korean

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arxiv 2402.11548 v2 pith:GYDNA7ZQ submitted 2024-02-18 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords koreankmmlullmslanguagemodelbenchmarkbenchmarksenglish
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We propose KMMLU, a new Korean benchmark with 35,030 expert-level multiple-choice questions across 45 subjects ranging from humanities to STEM. While prior Korean benchmarks are translated from existing English benchmarks, KMMLU is collected from original Korean exams, capturing linguistic and cultural aspects of the Korean language. We test 27 public and proprietary LLMs and observe the best public model to score 50.5%, leaving significant room for improvement. This model was primarily trained for English and Chinese, not Korean. Current LLMs tailored to Korean, such as Polyglot-Ko, perform far worse. Surprisingly, even the most capable proprietary LLMs, e.g., GPT-4 and HyperCLOVA X do not exceed 60%. This suggests that further work is needed to improve LLMs for Korean, and we believe KMMLU offers the appropriate tool to track this progress. We make our dataset publicly available on the Hugging Face Hub and integrate the benchmark into EleutherAI's Language Model Evaluation Harness.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. GLAN-QnA-KR: A Seedless Taxonomy-Driven Korean Instruction Corpus

    cs.CL 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A 303,581-row Korean instruction corpus generated seedlessly from a 1,084-discipline taxonomy, with near-zero duplicates and low measured overlap with KMMLU, KoBEST, and HAE-RAE-Bench.

  2. KoBLEX: Open Legal Question Answering with Multi-hop Reasoning

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    KoBLEX is a bilingual 226-instance provision-grounded legal QA benchmark, and its ParSeR pipeline (generate pseudo-statutes, then retrieve-rerank-select real ones) beats baselines across five LLMs, graded by a new hum...

  3. From KMMLU-Redux to KMMLU-Pro: A Professional Korean Benchmark Suite for LLM Evaluation

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    KMMLU-Redux and KMMLU-Pro are new Korean benchmark datasets from national technical and professional licensure exams, with LLM evaluations reported against official pass thresholds.

  4. Thunder-LLM: Efficiently Adapting LLMs to Korean with Minimal Resources

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A cost-effective recipe consisting of tokenizer extension, continual pretraining, FP8 training, and SFT/DPO post-training yields Korean-English bilingual 8B models with top Korean benchmark scores.

  5. Expanding Foundational Language Capabilities in Open-Source LLMs through a Korean Case Study

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A 102B Korean-English model, expanded from Llama 3 70B with LlamaPro and Masked Structure Growth and trained on 194B tokens, scores 64.74 on KMMLU and 83.34 on KorMedMCQA, roughly matching GPT-4 on Korean benchmarks.

  6. Making Sense of Korean Sentences: A Comprehensive Evaluation of LLMs through KoSEnd Dataset

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A new Korean benchmark, KoSEnd, shows LLMs have limited grasp of Korean sentence endings, and warning them about potentially missing endings improves their choices.

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  8. Securing Multi-Agent Systems Against Corruptions via Node Contribution Backpropagation

    cs.CR 2025-10 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A backward-propagation scoring scheme over a signed temporal DAG can identify malicious agents in LLM multi-agent systems and cut their communications, improving defended accuracy by 3–7 percentage points in the autho...

  9. Smoothie-Qwen: Post-Hoc Smoothing to Reduce Language Bias in Multilingual LLMs

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