MRNaB: Mixed Reality-based Robot Navigation Interface using Optical-see-through MR-beacons

Recent advancements in robotics have led to the development of numerous interfaces to enhance the intuitiveness of robot navigation. However, the reliance on traditional 2D displays imposes limitations on the simultaneous visualization of information. Mixed Reality (MR) technology addresses this issue by enhancing the dimensionality of information visualization, allowing users to perceive multiple pieces of information concurrently. This paper proposes the Mixed Reality-based Robot Navigation Interface using an Optical-see-through MR-beacons (MRNaB), a novel approach that uses MR-beacons created with an ``air tap'', situated in the real world. This beacon is persistent, enabling multi-destination visualization and functioning as a signal transmitter for robot navigation, eliminating the need for repeated navigation inputs. Our system is mainly constructed into four primary functions: ``Add'', ``Move'', ``Delete'', and ``Select''. These allow for the addition of MR-beacons, location movement, its deletion, and the selection of MR-beacons for navigation purposes, respectively. To validate the effectiveness, we conducted comprehensive experiments comparing MRNaB with traditional 2D navigation systems. The results show significant improvements in user performance, both objectively and subjectively, confirming that the MRNaB enhances navigation efficiency and user experience. For additional material, please check: https://mertcookimg.github.io/mrnab