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Injecting New Knowledge into Large Language Models via Supervised Fine-Tuning

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arxiv 2404.00213 v2 pith:3VUMUSSA submitted 2024-03-30 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords knowledgellmsmodelsscalingacrosscoveragedatasetdomain
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in generating human-like text, proving to be a valuable asset across various applications. However, adapting these models to incorporate new, out-of-domain knowledge remains a challenge, particularly for facts and events that occur after the model's knowledge cutoff date. This paper investigates the effectiveness of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) as a method for knowledge injection in LLMs, specifically focusing on the domain of recent sporting events. We compare different dataset generation strategies -- token-based and fact-based scaling -- to create training data that helps the model learn new information. Our experiments on GPT-4 demonstrate that while token-based scaling can lead to improvements in Q&A accuracy, it may not provide uniform coverage of new knowledge. Fact-based scaling, on the other hand, offers a more systematic approach to ensure even coverage across all facts. We present a novel dataset generation process that leads to more effective knowledge ingestion through SFT, and our results show considerable performance improvements in Q&A tasks related to out-of-domain knowledge. This study contributes to the understanding of domain adaptation for LLMs and highlights the potential of SFT in enhancing the factuality of LLM responses in specific knowledge domains.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A training-free dual-stream multimodal framework (PVLA + SAM 3 global logic + MCTS local search) improves verifiable industrial anomaly QA without defective training samples.

  2. Entropy-Preserving Supervised Fine-Tuning via Adaptive Self-Distillation for Large Reasoning Models

    cs.LG 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    CurioSFT preserves exploration during supervised fine-tuning by distilling toward the model's own temperature-scaled distribution and adaptively increasing entropy at high-entropy tokens, improving SFT accuracy by ~2....

  3. Diffusion-Inspired Masked Fine-Tuning for Knowledge Injection in Autoregressive LLMs

    cs.CL 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Masked fine-tuning enables autoregressive LLMs to inject new factual knowledge without paraphrases and with reversal-curse resistance, matching diffusion LLM advantages on QA tasks.

  4. GraphGen: Enhancing Supervised Fine-Tuning for LLMs with Knowledge-Driven Synthetic Data Generation

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A knowledge-graph-guided method that scores an LLM's knowledge gaps and generates atomic, aggregated, and multi-hop QA pairs, improving closed-book QA after fine-tuning.

  5. When Language Models Meet NeuroGraphs: Exploring Enhanced Agentic LLM Framework Towards Brain Network Analysis

    cs.MA 2026-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    BrainAgent, a training-free agentic LLM framework with graph understanding, knowledge retrieval, case retrieval, and reflection, claims improved but still moderate connectome classification and interpretability.

  6. SLAI T-Rex: Full-Parameter Post-training of the DeepSeek-V4 Family on Ascend SuperPOD

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An Ascend-NPU training stack reaches 34.22% MFU on DeepSeek-V4-Pro, and a solver-verified CPT+SFT recipe raises OR benchmark averages to 71.81% (Flash) and 77.33% (Pro).

  7. Data Doping or True Intelligence? Evaluating the Transferability of Injected Knowledge in LLMs

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LLMs fine-tuned on comprehension tasks like question answering retain injected facts at more than double the rate of models fine-tuned on translation or JSON mapping, but all models struggle to apply the facts in new ...

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