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Searching for binary black hole sub-populations in gravitational wave data using binned Gaussian processes

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arxiv 2404.03166 v1 pith:SHVBILDH submitted 2024-04-04 astro-ph.HE

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keywords binaryblackodotconsistentholemodelchannelseffective
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abstract

Astrophysically motivated population models for binary black hole observables are often insufficient to capture the imprints of multiple formation channels. This is mainly due to the strongly parametrized nature of such investigations. Using a non-parametric model for the joint population-level distributions of binary black hole component masses and effective inspiral spins, we find hints of multiple subpopulations in the third gravitational wave transient catalog. The higher (more positive) spin subpopulation is found to have a mass-spectrum without any feature at the $30-40M_{\odot}$, which is consistent with the predictions of isolated stellar binary evolution, simulations for which place the pile up due to pulsational pair-instability supernovae near $50M_{\odot}$ or higher. The other sub-population with effective spins closer to zero shows a feature at $30-40M_{\odot}$ and is consistent with binary black holes formed dynamically in globular clusters, which are expected to peak around $30M_{\odot}$. We also compute merger rates for these two subpopulations and find that they are consistent with the theoretical predictions of the corresponding formation channels. We validate our results by checking their robustness against variations of several model configurations and by analyzing large simulated catalogs with the same model.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. A Four-dimensional Model-agnostic Probe into the Astrophysical Origins of Binary Black Hole Subpopulations

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A GPU-accelerated binned Gaussian process yields the first model-agnostic 4D BBH population in (m1, q, χeff, χp), revealing four mass-based subpopulations and new spin-mass-ratio correlations.

  2. Signatures of a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers in the GWTC-4 gravitational-wave dataset

    gr-qc 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Using a joint effective-spin and precession-spin model on 155 gravitational-wave events, the authors infer that the hierarchical (second-generation) merger fraction rises sharply above ~46 M_sun and peaks again near 1...

  3. Nowhere left to hide: revealing realistic gravitational-wave populations in high dimensions and high resolution with PixelPop

    astro-ph.HE 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Modeling all significant correlations with the nonparametric model PixelPop recovers the true black-hole merger rate in a simulated 400-event gravitational-wave catalog, while simpler models introduce bias.

  4. Emulating compact binary population synthesis simulations with uncertainty quantification and model comparison using Bayesian normalizing flows

    astro-ph.HE 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A Bayesian normalizing flow trained with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo provides well-calibrated uncertainty estimates for population synthesis emulators of black hole mergers.

  5. Population of Binary Black Holes Inferred from One Hundred and Fifty Gravitational Wave Signals

    astro-ph.HE 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A population analysis of 153 LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA black-hole mergers reports chirp-mass peaks near 8, 14, and 27 solar masses, spaced by ~1.9, which the author interprets as possible hierarchical mergers.

  6. Spectral siren cosmology from gravitational-wave observations in GWTC-4.0

    astro-ph.CO 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Spectral siren analysis of 152 GWTC-4.0 black hole mergers with a Gaussian Process mass model, combined with GW170817, gives H0 = 69 (+7/-6) km/s/Mpc at 10% precision.

  7. Hiding Out at the Low End: No Gap and a Peak in the Black-Hole Mass Spectrum

    astro-ph.HE 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In a sample of 25 low-mass merger events plus GW230529, the inferred first percentile of the black hole mass function is about 3.1 solar masses, favoring no lower mass gap.

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