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Towards Translating Real-World Code with LLMs: A Study of Translating to Rust

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arxiv 2405.11514 v3 pith:BXENLQK4 submitted 2024-05-19 cs.SE

classification cs.SE
keywords codetranslationtranslatingabilitylanguagellmsreal-worldrust
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large language models (LLMs) show promise in code translation - the task of translating code written in one programming language to another language - due to their ability to write code in most programming languages. However, LLM's effectiveness on translating real-world code remains largely unstudied. In this work, we perform the first substantial study on LLM-based translation to Rust by assessing the ability of five state-of-the-art LLMs, GPT4, Claude 3, Claude 2.1, Gemini Pro, and Mixtral. We conduct our study on code extracted from real-world open source projects. To enable our study, we develop FLOURINE, an end-to-end code translation tool that uses differential fuzzing to check if a Rust translation is I/O equivalent to the original source program, eliminating the need for pre-existing test cases. As part of our investigation, we assess both the LLM's ability to produce an initially successful translation, as well as their capacity to fix a previously generated buggy one. If the original and the translated programs are not I/O equivalent, we apply a set of automated feedback strategies, including feedback to the LLM with counterexamples. Our results show that the most successful LLM can translate 47% of our benchmarks, and also provides insights into next steps for improvements.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    cs.SE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A rule-guided MCTS plus dual-reward reinforcement learning pipeline improves LLM-based C-to-Rust translation accuracy and cuts unsafe Rust output across three benchmarks.

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    cs.SE 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

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  4. Can LLMs Replace Humans During Code Chunking?

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    LLM-generated partitions of legacy code yield documentation that LLM judges rate as up to 20% more factual and up to 10% more useful than documentation based on human expert partitions.

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