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LoRA-Switch: Boosting the Efficiency of Dynamic LLM Adapters via System-Algorithm Co-design

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arxiv 2405.17741 v1 pith:XKNCSZMS submitted 2024-05-28 cs.AI

classification cs.AI
keywords adaptersdynamicloralora-switchcudadecodingefficiencyexisting
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Recent literature has found that an effective method to customize or further improve large language models (LLMs) is to add dynamic adapters, such as low-rank adapters (LoRA) with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) structures. Though such dynamic adapters incur modest computational complexity, they surprisingly lead to huge inference latency overhead, slowing down the decoding speed by 2.5+ times. In this paper, we analyze the fine-grained costs of the dynamic adapters and find that the fragmented CUDA kernel calls are the root cause. Therefore, we propose LoRA-Switch, a system-algorithm co-designed architecture for efficient dynamic adapters. Unlike most existing dynamic structures that adopt layer-wise or block-wise dynamic routing, LoRA-Switch introduces a token-wise routing mechanism. It switches the LoRA adapters and weights for each token and merges them into the backbone for inference. For efficiency, this switching is implemented with an optimized CUDA kernel, which fuses the merging operations for all LoRA adapters at once. Based on experiments with popular open-source LLMs on common benchmarks, our approach has demonstrated similar accuracy improvement as existing dynamic adapters, while reducing the decoding latency by more than 2.4 times.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Parametric Memory Decoding for Zero-Shot Routing in LoRA-Based External Parametric Memory

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PMDRouter selects LoRAs zero-shot by decoding scale-normalized linear response energy from one adapter-free backbone prefill, and leads most internal-signal baselines on a new multi-granularity EPM bench.

  2. Improved Representation Steering for Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RePS, a reference-free bidirectional preference optimization objective, improves representation steering and suppression for Gemma models, outperforming language-modeling objectives and approaching prompting performance.

  3. MultLFG: Training-free Multi-LoRA composition using Frequency-domain Guidance

    cs.CV 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    MultLFG merges multiple LoRA adapters by adaptively weighting them in wavelet frequency subbands per denoising timestep, improving multi-concept composition on the ComposLoRA benchmark compared to prior training-free methods.

  4. Cached Multi-Lora Composition for Multi-Concept Image Generation

    cs.CV 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    CMLoRA schedules adapter activation by high- and low-frequency content and caches non-dominant adapters, improving multi-LoRA composition scores while not consistently reducing compute versus all baselines.

  5. Software Engineering for Large Language Models: Research Status, Challenges and the Road Ahead

    cs.SE 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A literature review organizes LLM development into a six-phase software engineering lifecycle and identifies challenges and research directions for each phase.

  6. Get Experience from Practice: LLM Agents with Record & Replay

    cs.LG 2025-05 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    AgentRR is a proposed paradigm that records agent traces, generalizes them into multi-level experiences, and replays them under safety checks to make LLM agents cheaper, faster, and more reliable.

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