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Full classification of Pauli Lie algebras

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arxiv 2408.00081 v1 pith:WQIMPREF submitted 2024-07-31 quant-ph

classification quant-ph
keywords algebraspauliquantumclassificationoperatorsqubitsalgebrafree-fermionic
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Lie groups, and therefore Lie algebras, are fundamental structures in quantum physics that determine the space of possible trajectories of evolving systems. However, classification and characterization methods for these structures are often impractical for larger systems. In this work, we provide a comprehensive classification of Lie algebras generated by an arbitrary set of Pauli operators, from which an efficient method to characterize them follows. By mapping the problem to a graph setting, we identify a reduced set of equivalence classes: the free-fermionic Lie algebra, the set of all anti-symmetric Paulis on n qubits, the Lie algebra of symplectic Paulis on n qubits, and the space of all Pauli operators on n qubits, as well as controlled versions thereof. Moreover, out of these, we distinguish 6 Clifford inequivalent cases and find a simple set of canonical operators for each, which allow us to give a physical interpretation of the dynamics of each class. Our findings reveal a no-go result for the existence of small Lie algebras beyond the free-fermionic case in the Pauli setting and offer efficiently computable criteria for universality and extendibility of gate sets. These results bear significant impact in ideas in a number of fields like quantum control, quantum machine learning, or classical simulation of quantum circuits.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Enabling Lie-Algebraic Classical Simulation beyond Free Fermions

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0 of 10

    Symmetry-adapted Pauli-orbit and modified Gell-Mann bases make polynomial-dimensional dynamical Lie algebras practically simulable beyond free fermions.

  2. On generating direct powers of dynamical Lie algebras

    quant-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Modifying DLA generators by tensoring with a Hermitian operator of K distinct eigenvalues yields K copies of the algebra (or its commutator part) using about log K extra qubits.

  3. Optimal Haar random fermionic linear optics circuits

    quant-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The paper constructs optimal-depth, optimal-gate-count quantum circuits that sample Haar-random active and passive fermionic linear optics unitaries directly from angle distributions, plus an optimal Clifford FLO sampler.

  4. An efficient algorithm for approximate shadow Hamiltonian simulation

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Pruned shadow Hamiltonian simulation approximates observable dynamics under interacting Hamiltonians by keeping only the most relevant operators, cutting the qubit register needed for shadow evolution.

  5. A Dynamical Lie-Algebraic Framework for Hamiltonian Engineering and Quantum Control

    quant-ph 2026-03 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Lie-algebra toolkit that composes, preserves, and reduces Hamiltonian generator sets, including a nearest-neighbor su(2^N) generating set and a filtering-operator reduction, though the reduction proof and one error-...

  6. Fast numerical generation of Lie closure

    cs.CE 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Replacing rank-based linear independence checks with orthonormal projection or Gram matrix inversion accelerates numerical construction of dynamical Lie algebras.

  7. An Optimized Construction of Lie Algebra Generator Pools for Variational Quantum Eigensolvers in Chemistry

    quant-ph 2025-11 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    The proposed rank test does not determine the Lie algebra generated by a Pauli pool, so the claimed polynomial MCP construction is not established.

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