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ProSA: Assessing and Understanding the Prompt Sensitivity of LLMs

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arxiv 2410.12405 v1 pith:RC5PKCBU submitted 2024-10-16 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords promptsensitivityllmsprosamodelstasksacrossconfidence
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but their performance is highly sensitive to the prompts utilized. This variability poses challenges for accurate assessment and user satisfaction. Current research frequently overlooks instance-level prompt variations and their implications on subjective evaluations. To address these shortcomings, we introduce ProSA, a framework designed to evaluate and comprehend prompt sensitivity in LLMs. ProSA incorporates a novel sensitivity metric, PromptSensiScore, and leverages decoding confidence to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Our extensive study, spanning multiple tasks, uncovers that prompt sensitivity fluctuates across datasets and models, with larger models exhibiting enhanced robustness. We observe that few-shot examples can alleviate this sensitivity issue, and subjective evaluations are also susceptible to prompt sensitivities, particularly in complex, reasoning-oriented tasks. Furthermore, our findings indicate that higher model confidence correlates with increased prompt robustness. We believe this work will serve as a helpful tool in studying prompt sensitivity of LLMs. The project is released at: https://github.com/open-compass/ProSA .

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. MixAssist: An Audio-Language Dataset for Co-Creative AI Assistance in Music Mixing

    cs.SD 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    MixAssist is the first audio-grounded, multi-turn conversational dataset for co-creative music mixing instruction, and fine-tuning Qwen-Audio on it yields human-comparable mixing advice.

  2. Prompt Orchestration Markup Language

    cs.HC 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    POML is a markup language that structures LLM prompts, embeds multimodal data, and decouples formatting via stylesheets, with case studies showing strong prompt format sensitivity.

  3. Quantized but Deceptive? A Multi-Dimensional Truthfulness Evaluation of Quantized LLMs

    cs.AI 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The study introduces TruthfulnessEval and reports that 4-bit quantization preserves simple true/false accuracy, but explicit 'lie' prompts make quantized and full-precision LLMs output falsehoods even when internal pr...

  4. Innocence in the Crossfire: Roles of Skip Connections in Jailbreaking Visual Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The paper reports higher harmful-output rates in three open-source VLMs from detailed image descriptions, in-context examples, and positive openings, and from a skip connection between internal layers, with memes riva...

  5. Position: Intelligent Coding Systems Should Write Programs with Justifications

    cs.SE 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A position paper advocating that intelligent coding systems should accompany code with justified explanations that are cognitively aligned and semantically faithful.

  6. CEA-LIST at CheckThat! 2025: Evaluating LLMs as Detectors of Bias and Opinion in Text

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Few-shot prompted LLMs rivaled fine-tuned smaller models in multilingual subjectivity detection, winning the Arabic and Polish tracks of CheckThat! 2025.

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