Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 72 of 72 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.15662.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.15662 v1

Coverage vector

measured 72 of 72 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.920095Z

measured 75 of 75 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T10:46:33.511140Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

72 of 72 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy18
unresolved48
parse uncertain1
malformed identifier3
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

1
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation 7fa1e43c-9c49-48e1-a24f-66ac1cf0e593 · outbound

This paper cites Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Reference 1

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:09.103738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 3a4bf363-655f-4f09-ae4c-a3f8cbddfa5e · outbound

This paper cites Fairness Toolkits, A Checkbox Culture?.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Fairness Toolkits, A Checkbox Culture?

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.513936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 770be39f-7417-4b85-a776-d02b694ac282 · outbound

This paper cites The problem with bias: Allocative versus representational harms in machine learning.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems The problem with bias: Allocative versus representational harms in machine learning

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:09.085018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation e16fcdce-bef5-46bd-aad8-c586352856ec · outbound

This paper cites Bauer and JoAnn Kirchner.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Bauer and JoAnn Kirchner

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:09.061364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 2cb66b3c-f7a8-4a22-8a4e-e8793244c468 · outbound

This paper cites Bauer, Laura Damschroder, Hildi Hagedorn, Jeffrey Smith, and Amy M.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Bauer, Laura Damschroder, Hildi Hagedorn, Jeffrey Smith, and Amy M

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:06.274410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 3fd24fb9-d086-4000-a14d-d28cbe062457 · outbound

This paper cites A Scoping Study of Evaluation Practices for Responsible AI Tools: Steps Towards Effectiveness Evaluations.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems A Scoping Study of Evaluation Practices for Responsible AI Tools: Steps Towards Effectiveness Evaluations

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.537189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dcb0406a-391b-49d2-9398-5c63025a1043 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.544070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2f6d15c2-aa48-48da-8b4f-bc194e3f52ae · outbound

This paper cites Language (Technology) is Power: A Critical Survey of “Bias” in NLP.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Language (Technology) is Power: A Critical Survey of “Bias” in NLP

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.549998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 78a12f29-21b3-4407-b6e3-3c19b0f2d32a · outbound

This paper cites Stereo- typing Norwegian Salmon: An Inventory of Pitfalls in Fairness Benchmark Datasets.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Stereo- typing Norwegian Salmon: An Inventory of Pitfalls in Fairness Benchmark Datasets

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.555246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c2a03b1-2448-4342-a1d0-18bae4f80001 · outbound

This paper cites Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman is to Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddings.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman is to Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddings

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.560549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc619101-72a7-42b4-92bb-3f6c69dda6f9 · outbound

This paper cites Trustworthy Social Bias Measurement.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Trustworthy Social Bias Measurement

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.566726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45964897-0c37-48bc-8a3b-6cbfcc00c8fb · outbound

This paper cites Using thematic analysis in psychology.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Using thematic analysis in psychology

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.572662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 057f2753-d2d6-4dee-ae6e-4afb1f44eef1 · outbound

This paper cites Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.578396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2f80ac12-16b7-48e1-996b-00df5f463565 · outbound

This paper cites AHA!: Facilitating AI Impact Assessment by Generating Examples of Harms.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems AHA!: Facilitating AI Impact Assessment by Generating Examples of Harms

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.583696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5dda9893-99c7-4a4d-b591-13d17a565a74 · outbound

This paper cites Bryson, and Arvind Narayanan.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Bryson, and Arvind Narayanan

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.590180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 29a0094f-65dc-48f2-88e4-91e5263e22fc · outbound

This paper cites Representational harms through the lens of speech act theory.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Representational harms through the lens of speech act theory

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:09.042541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 39831700-a0d7-4001-b564-d1cc247850f8 · outbound

This paper cites The trouble with bias.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems The trouble with bias

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:09.025631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation effda52b-0e8e-4faf-b648-4a8cd68fa4fc · outbound

This paper cites Exploring How Machine Learning Practitioners (Try To) Use Fairness Toolkits.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Exploring How Machine Learning Practitioners (Try To) Use Fairness Toolkits

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:09.006613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation ef59007e-2b0d-425e-92d5-325b7b7f6852 · outbound

This paper cites URL https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3531146.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems URL https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3531146

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.618443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5254ffa9-dd04-4f23-bb6a-46cd687f8138 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities for User-Engaged Algorithm Auditing in Industry Practice.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Understanding Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities for User-Engaged Algorithm Auditing in Industry Practice

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.626341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42b3932a-a2f3-4fc4-8c74-449a724c6aa7 · outbound

This paper cites Building Stereotype Repositories with Complementary Approaches for Scale and Depth.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Building Stereotype Repositories with Complementary Approaches for Scale and Depth

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.635869Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 98036ae4-6148-4081-ac59-93cbfe02deda · outbound

This paper cites Multi-Dimensional Gender Bias Classification.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Multi-Dimensional Gender Bias Classification

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.646497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6694a024-51ea-472f-8eb9-f831bb255a99 · outbound

This paper cites Enkin and A.R.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Enkin and A.R

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:06.180161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 60fe9edd-a4a4-4a55-8726-4b54bb987b65 · outbound

This paper cites ROBBIE: Robust Bias Evaluation of Large Generative Language Models.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems ROBBIE: Robust Bias Evaluation of Large Generative Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.989054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation a73ff923-3c12-42b9-aff5-4625752cadf3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.679091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d01501f1-4562-43a3-a110-bc9748aa9c41 · outbound

This paper cites FairPrism: Evaluating Fairness-Related Harms in Text Generation.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems FairPrism: Evaluating Fairness-Related Harms in Text Generation

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.969082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 713e8bad-f04c-4695-8a6a-92c5f78395fe · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.343.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.343

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.673506Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7bb5e344-201e-4789-bcb0-cf51a23df1cf · outbound

This paper cites Automatically Identifying Gender Issues in Machine Trans- lation using Perturbations.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Automatically Identifying Gender Issues in Machine Trans- lation using Perturbations

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.693921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 60e9571b-19aa-4c75-9d79-8dffabffe8c5 · outbound

This paper cites Repairing the Cracked Foundation: A Survey of Obstacles in Evaluation Practices for Generated Text.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Repairing the Cracked Foundation: A Survey of Obstacles in Evaluation Practices for Generated Text

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.683931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 372a9503-5f22-45f1-86bd-bb16f164e40f · outbound

This paper cites Glasgow and William T.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Glasgow and William T

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.688752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83357607-7bb4-44d0-9673-e2460437d1b4 · outbound

This paper cites ToxiGen: A Large-Scale Machine-Generated Dataset for Adversarial and Implicit Hate Speech Detection.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems ToxiGen: A Large-Scale Machine-Generated Dataset for Adversarial and Implicit Hate Speech Detection

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.715377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d82746e-a102-4656-9fc7-2c0fc926892a · outbound

This paper cites Fifty Shades of Bias.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Fifty Shades of Bias

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.952387Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 5634176d-c81f-497d-8285-167f88d1623f · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.115.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.115

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.703573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation cd7048f6-4a7e-4653-8a88-2ef89ca441e8 · outbound

This paper cites Measurement: A very short introduction.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Measurement: A very short introduction

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.937658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation dc05cc3e-0e6e-4063-b483-a3e57d6903fd · outbound

This paper cites Jacobs and Hanna Wallach.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Jacobs and Hanna Wallach

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.902886Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 2f713165-3bb3-4df5-8f0e-d52d1e4fe1cc · outbound

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Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.720420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0dab1596-a496-403f-8b9e-a76dced07c02 · outbound

This paper cites Ai generates covertly racist decisions about people based on their dialect.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Ai generates covertly racist decisions about people based on their dialect

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.921143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 30492223-f4e6-4d24-8017-8270b9a9df25 · outbound

This paper cites Madaio, Luke Stark, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, and Hanna Wallach.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Madaio, Luke Stark, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, and Hanna Wallach

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.768236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d26118cf-d67f-476c-a230-62b2a960efa4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.737058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b48b72cb-0ca0-4d7c-ab37-3f24cfdd677d · outbound

This paper cites Fair Without Leveling Down: A New Intersectional Fairness Definition.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Fair Without Leveling Down: A New Intersectional Fairness Definition

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.886947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 707a2d13-66d1-4ec9-a2cc-34355e9bb316 · outbound

This paper cites URL https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3442188.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems URL https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3442188

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.752027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d363af89-8640-4147-a9eb-7a6edb84f908 · outbound

This paper cites The Landscape and Gaps in Open Source Fairness Toolkits.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems The Landscape and Gaps in Open Source Fairness Toolkits

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.758166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e882cd1-843d-4745-b460-2ff1c4de00db · outbound

This paper cites Tran, Yi Tay, Jeffrey Sorensen, Jai Gupta, Donald Metzler, and Lucy Vasserman.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Tran, Yi Tay, Jeffrey Sorensen, Jai Gupta, Donald Metzler, and Lucy Vasserman

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.763090Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a441145a-5d45-442d-9af5-c5896e89f3f7 · outbound

This paper cites Towards AI Accountability Infrastructure: Gaps and Opportunities in AI Audit Tooling, February.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Towards AI Accountability Infrastructure: Gaps and Opportunities in AI Audit Tooling, February

Reference 47

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.852787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 34020ced-0be3-4a93-b684-d3f4a9131a71 · outbound

This paper cites A Framework for Automated Measurement of Responsible AI Harms in Generative AI Applications.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems A Framework for Automated Measurement of Responsible AI Harms in Generative AI Applications

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.773247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cd86a0f8-e2e4-4ad7-b266-bc543211268e · outbound

This paper cites Disentangling and Operationalizing AI Fair- ness at LinkedIn.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Disentangling and Operationalizing AI Fair- ness at LinkedIn

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.822434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13d65f9a-cc74-4355-abe8-beb8747db49a · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.558.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.558

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.783728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cd1c386d-8140-434e-8dac-70de1bacfdd5 · outbound

This paper cites Snowball sampling.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Snowball sampling

Reference 51

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.869651Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 85f0439a-1c5f-4b76-8231-c6e6ff621c13 · outbound

This paper cites StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.793709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2399eb7-ee6f-4898-8631-d8edd65fef18 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.799486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa6041b1-2b52-412d-9a30-c11f093cedfd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.814796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 3fe7e3ba-1ad0-4f9f-b870-68899f54a660 · outbound

This paper cites Towards AI Accountability Infrastructure: Gaps and Opportunities in AI Audit Tooling.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Towards AI Accountability Infrastructure: Gaps and Opportunities in AI Audit Tooling

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.810904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 06d6f96f-6639-457a-a389-5948f1dbebef · outbound

This paper cites BBQ: A hand-built bias benchmark for question answering.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems BBQ: A hand-built bias benchmark for question answering

Reference 56

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.835496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 4e7ca84b-7e51-4e45-967c-4a055534f744 · outbound

This paper cites In the Walled Garden: Challenges and Opportunities for Re- search on the Practices of the AI Tech Industry.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems In the Walled Garden: Challenges and Opportunities for Re- search on the Practices of the AI Tech Industry

Reference 57

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.872388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a09c6fe0-e5a7-44c3-beef-a345072d46fa · outbound

This paper cites White, Margaret Mitchell, Timnit Gebru, Ben Hutchinson, Jamila Smith-Loud, Daniel Theron, and Parker Barnes.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems White, Margaret Mitchell, Timnit Gebru, Ben Hutchinson, Jamila Smith-Loud, Daniel Theron, and Parker Barnes

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.829555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f6e6dee-088a-41ca-8898-e4729e752ae2 · outbound

This paper cites Where Responsi- ble AI meets Reality: Practitioner Perspectives on Enablers for Shifting Organizational Practices.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Where Responsi- ble AI meets Reality: Practitioner Perspectives on Enablers for Shifting Organizational Practices

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.835163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbf51ca8-7bc6-40e4-94d4-261160a62406 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond accuracy: Behavioral testing of NLP models with CheckList.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Beyond accuracy: Behavioral testing of NLP models with CheckList

Reference 60

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.841376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e1493355-9cf6-4503-9245-6c864fa27423 · outbound

This paper cites Way, Jennifer Thom, and Henriette Cramer.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Way, Jennifer Thom, and Henriette Cramer

Reference 61

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.846510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2eb183f6-14af-4885-a548-79309716ef1c · outbound

This paper cites Measuring stereotype harm from machine learning errors requires understanding who is being harmed by which errors in what ways.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Measuring stereotype harm from machine learning errors requires understanding who is being harmed by which errors in what ways

Reference 62

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.758514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 490a2d80-c4b8-4cb0-bd57-60eb26b050d2 · outbound

This paper cites Gender Bias in Coreference Resolution: Evaluation and Debiasing Methods.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Gender Bias in Coreference Resolution: Evaluation and Debiasing Methods

Reference 63

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.742384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 742dfca1-06ab-4079-831b-e5c61582549a · outbound

This paper cites Gender Bias in Coreference Resolution.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Gender Bias in Coreference Resolution

Reference 64

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.862280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aa93a974-25a8-4ae8-b0ae-dfdc11ccc8a5 · outbound

This paper cites A Rose by Any Other Name would not Smell as Sweet: Social Bias in Names Mistranslation.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems A Rose by Any Other Name would not Smell as Sweet: Social Bias in Names Mistranslation

Reference 65

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.867203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0824278a-2f50-4552-b32f-610493099c6f · outbound

This paper cites The Woman Worked as a Babysitter: On Biases in Language Generation.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems The Woman Worked as a Babysitter: On Biases in Language Generation

Reference 67

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.777432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 827d7529-d802-4ab6-8447-b025dba76aac · outbound

This paper cites ‘how many cases do i need?’: On science and the logic of case selection in field-based research.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems ‘how many cases do i need?’: On science and the logic of case selection in field-based research

Reference 69

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.889157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8af82e98-a953-4641-a760-6c3c5843716d · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society

Reference 70

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.893874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 859ed729-07f3-4caf-8d4d-8ecc454eadf3 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Representational Harms in Image Captioning.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Measuring Representational Harms in Image Captioning

Reference 71

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.899167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e846f195-ff25-47b1-aafd-67506e23e18e · outbound

This paper cites Wildchat: 1m chatGPT interaction logs in the wild.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Wildchat: 1m chatGPT interaction logs in the wild

Reference 75

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.714743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation a00bd9d8-eca4-4463-8765-68af4a5d600d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems Unresolved cited work

Reference 1962

Resolution: parse uncertain; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:08.795098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 0bee4036-a124-4011-98d3-dc25760eef18 · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/N18-2003.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems doi: 10.18653/v1/N18-2003

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.914864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46e75d1e-2d08-4840-8f31-298377ba1f0a · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/D19-1339.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems doi: 10.18653/v1/D19-1339

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.883467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22156abe-5141-4504-bee5-e3c0df620d08 · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.230.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.230

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.662969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 36a32167-5ed1-4aef-92dc-a3e6e6216fe9 · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07856-5.

Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07856-5

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:06:05.730447Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation b650bb70-8265-4251-a831-0ca5fc41754c · inbound

A Framework for Auditing Chatbots for Dialect-Based Quality-of-Service Harms cites this paper.

A Framework for Auditing Chatbots for Dialect-Based Quality-of-Service Harms Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:46:33.511140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b99f0607-5bde-4907-983e-bf5ae46662e4 · inbound

Toward Valid Measurement Of (Un)fairness For Generative AI: A Proposal For Systematization Through The Lens Of Fair Equality of Chances cites this paper.

Toward Valid Measurement Of (Un)fairness For Generative AI: A Proposal For Systematization Through The Lens Of Fair Equality of Chances Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:47:45.252044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 18c81d29-605b-4224-9efc-87910cd11e6a · inbound

Discriminatory Compliance: How LLMs Answer Queries from Protected Groups cites this paper.

Discriminatory Compliance: How LLMs Answer Queries from Protected Groups Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems

Reference 64

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-26T12:59:29.367774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.