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A Taxonomy of Systemic Risks from General-Purpose AI

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arxiv 2412.07780 v1 pith:NTW7T3SF submitted 2024-11-24 cs.CY

classification cs.CY
keywords systemicriskstaxonomygeneral-purposeacademicdevelopmentharmlarge-scale
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Through a systematic review of academic literature, we propose a taxonomy of systemic risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI), in particular general-purpose AI. Following the EU AI Act's definition, we consider systemic risks as large-scale threats that can affect entire societies or economies. Starting with an initial pool of 1,781 documents, we analyzed 86 selected papers to identify 13 categories of systemic risks and 50 contributing sources. Our findings reveal a complex landscape of potential threats, ranging from environmental harm and structural discrimination to governance failures and loss of control. Key sources of systemic risk emerge from knowledge gaps, challenges in recognizing harm, and the unpredictable trajectory of AI development. The taxonomy provides a snapshot of current academic literature on systemic risks. This paper contributes to AI safety research by providing a structured groundwork for understanding and addressing the potential large-scale negative societal impacts of general-purpose AI. The taxonomy can inform policymakers in risk prioritization and regulatory development.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. An approach to systemic risks of AI through the lens of emergence, collective action problems, and externalities

    cs.CY 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Systemic AI risks are presented as emergent threats to public goods, driven chiefly by collective action problems and complex externalities, amplified by concentration, feedback, and information gaps.

  2. Open Problems in AI Incident Governance

    cs.CY 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Existing AI incident frameworks lack consistency across definitions, classification, monitoring and reporting, reducing analysis quality; the authors propose principles, guidelines and a reporting template to close the gap.

  3. Legal Alignment for Safe and Ethical AI

    cs.CY 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Legal alignment as a field: AI systems should (1) follow the content of law, (2) use legal-interpretation methods for reasoning, and (3) be built on legal structures like agency and fiduciary duties.

  4. Developing a Risk Identification Framework for Foundation Model Uses

    cs.CR 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The paper derives four design requirements for use-based foundation model risk identification and presents an initial questionnaire-based framework demonstrated on a visitor-center chatbot example.

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