Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes?

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.10908.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.10908 v5

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.803624Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy16
unresolved16
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 3034be33-4458-4393-be03-3d806614462b · outbound

This paper cites Creating such a system is one of the main goals of computer vision and can enable autonomous robots, cars, and numerous other applications[6].

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Creating such a system is one of the main goals of computer vision and can enable autonomous robots, cars, and numerous other applications[6]

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.672489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 0a98dca0-2506-4489-b256-8723388d0a50 · outbound

This paper cites The use of CGI allows for massive amounts of object materials and environments as well as easy replacement of object materials.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? The use of CGI allows for massive amounts of object materials and environments as well as easy replacement of object materials

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.655761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation dc14ceb1-d4df-4d9f-8fd7-075eb122aa50 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.637457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a36ba2db-b468-4525-b700-c15386f9024f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.617632Z

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Observation 501796c8-e85a-4d6b-9aea-6ed22d964a8b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.598836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e686b0bb-aee8-43e1-9337-462d38ce1b52 · outbound

This paper cites Note that tests 2,4,6 force the model to rely only on the 3D shape for matching, while tests 1,3,5,7 allow the model to use the color/texture or the 2D projection for recognition.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Note that tests 2,4,6 force the model to rely only on the 3D shape for matching, while tests 1,3,5,7 allow the model to use the color/texture or the 2D projection for recognition

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.579705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation abc6e0d9-52d2-4f76-9914-571fe80d2593 · outbound

This paper cites Which of the panels contains an object with an identical 3D shape to the object in panel A. Your answer must come as a single letter.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Which of the panels contains an object with an identical 3D shape to the object in panel A. Your answer must come as a single letter

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.562114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6368588a-5d7d-42a8-9a86-55ea9f8c417d · outbound

This paper cites 2) Has a different orientation compared to the object in panel A.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? 2) Has a different orientation compared to the object in panel A

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.544037Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 680de0eb-c39b-4424-bf54-467d886c0059 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini and GPT 4o clearly excel in this task but all models show some level of understanding (Table 1).

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Gemini and GPT 4o clearly excel in this task but all models show some level of understanding (Table 1)

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.525021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 8a5c8630-6636-4aac-a126-99e5bc22f2eb · outbound

This paper cites These results are consistent with previous works which show that despite their impressive performance Vision Language Models (VLM) often miss basic aspects of reality[8-12].

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? These results are consistent with previous works which show that despite their impressive performance Vision Language Models (VLM) often miss basic aspects of reality[8-12]

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.503699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 2e6bfac0-3978-4ddf-a952-d83db8758918 · outbound

This paper cites Code used to evaluate the models on the benchmark available at this URL.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Code used to evaluate the models on the benchmark available at this URL

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.477553Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 7c8821e9-3f3f-4f04-8fd5-2cb6bb35516d · outbound

This paper cites Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.458914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 50ea74b2-1b65-4e03-8042-7766b9cbe2cd · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.684975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a9899b30-3309-445f-8474-9cff7f7ab3f7 · outbound

This paper cites Real-world robot applications of foundation models: A review.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Real-world robot applications of foundation models: A review

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.441207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 0ab174d4-2dda-4e41-8d9f-03f3439000f4 · outbound

This paper cites Approaching human 3D shape perception with neurally mappable models.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Approaching human 3D shape perception with neurally mappable models

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.700235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c95c0070-cf76-4ea2-a227-819545c5a26f · outbound

This paper cites Lvlm-ehub: A comprehensive evaluation benchmark for large vision-language models.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Lvlm-ehub: A comprehensive evaluation benchmark for large vision-language models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.421219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b51dd177-3386-4663-a34b-04f75132c30f · outbound

This paper cites VisOnlyQA: Large Vision Language Models Still Struggle with Visual Perception of Geometric Information.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? VisOnlyQA: Large Vision Language Models Still Struggle with Visual Perception of Geometric Information

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.711784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19fba42e-ae53-433a-832d-7bb50df268e8 · outbound

This paper cites Can We Talk Models Into Seeing the World Differently?.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Can We Talk Models Into Seeing the World Differently?

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.717893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b2d850c-06bd-4181-be6d-f1398fa68724 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the frontier of vision-language models: A survey of current methodologies and future directions.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Exploring the frontier of vision-language models: A survey of current methodologies and future directions

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.723920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b98382ba-30bc-42b8-915d-d86fbd198ffc · outbound

This paper cites BLINK: Multimodal Large Language Models Can See but Not Perceive.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? BLINK: Multimodal Large Language Models Can See but Not Perceive

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.729389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89992980-f643-4bcd-9190-ff61916e22ca · outbound

This paper cites Can 3D Vision-Language Models Truly Understand Natural Language?.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Can 3D Vision-Language Models Truly Understand Natural Language?

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.735368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7767142a-5c19-4f6a-a0aa-7a0d04da4b3c · outbound

This paper cites Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.741436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ed68ce4-b4cd-4062-aa72-90accc550ae2 · outbound

This paper cites GPT4Vis: What Can GPT-4 Do for Zero-shot Visual Recognition?.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? GPT4Vis: What Can GPT-4 Do for Zero-shot Visual Recognition?

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.747061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec3a7477-e733-413f-8262-f7e521146d38 · outbound

This paper cites A general protocol to probe large vision models for 3d physical understanding.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? A general protocol to probe large vision models for 3d physical understanding

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.384059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f96fe009-55fb-4756-a18d-1f54a1fb6376 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? A Survey on Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.757593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4765c8e0-0de6-46d9-9039-00709859032f · outbound

This paper cites When LLMs step into the 3D World: A Survey and Meta-Analysis of 3D Tasks via Multi-modal Large Language Models.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? When LLMs step into the 3D World: A Survey and Meta-Analysis of 3D Tasks via Multi-modal Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.764351Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation add2d72e-3b04-461f-bfcc-1d9e03910ff2 · outbound

This paper cites Language-Image Models with 3D Understanding.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Language-Image Models with 3D Understanding

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.771499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56fee059-30fe-4cdb-86e0-03dacf78109a · outbound

This paper cites Shapellm: Universal 3d object understanding for embodied interaction.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Shapellm: Universal 3d object understanding for embodied interaction

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.362487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e5721b71-513f-4a10-bdab-8aa799b477dc · outbound

This paper cites Objaverse: A universe of annotated 3d objects.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Objaverse: A universe of annotated 3d objects

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.345067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 2af7571c-6ed6-4cee-82fc-5a8b44b5bc94 · outbound

This paper cites Vastextures: Vast repository of textures and PBR materials extracted from real-world images using unsupervised methods.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Vastextures: Vast repository of textures and PBR materials extracted from real-world images using unsupervised methods

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:32:59.792476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf7155e3-a1fc-48f5-ab46-ed90f98c84ec · outbound

This paper cites Infusing Synthetic Data with Real-World Patterns for Zero-Shot Material State Segmentation.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Infusing Synthetic Data with Real-World Patterns for Zero-Shot Material State Segmentation

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.325661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation cc5021e5-b612-4a76-af9f-6b71d0dfdd6a · outbound

This paper cites Which panel contains an object that has identical 3D shape to the object in panel A, but different in orientation and texture. Explain.

Do large language vision models understand 3D shapes? Which panel contains an object that has identical 3D shape to the object in panel A, but different in orientation and texture. Explain

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:33:00.307386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.